HeRMES: High-Performance Reliable MRAM-Enabled Storage
HOTOS '01 Proceedings of the Eighth Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems
CFLRU: a replacement algorithm for flash memory
CASES '06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Compilers, architecture and synthesis for embedded systems
Efficient indexing data structures for flash-based sensor devices
ACM Transactions on Storage (TOS)
Design of flash-based DBMS: an in-page logging approach
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
A case for flash memory ssd in enterprise database applications
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Improving NAND Flash Based Disk Caches
ISCA '08 Proceedings of the 35th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture
Queue - Enterprise Flash Storage
Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment
Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment
Migrating server storage to SSDs: analysis of tradeoffs
Proceedings of the 4th ACM European conference on Computer systems
Query processing techniques for solid state drives
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of data
Measuring Database Performance in Online Services: A Trace-Based Approach
Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking
Enhancing recovery using an SSD buffer pool extension
Proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Data Management on New Hardware
Survey and analysis of disk scheduling methods
ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News
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When originally introduced, flash based solid state drives (SSD) exhibited a very high random read throughput with low sub-millisecond latencies. However, in addition to their steep prices, SSDs suffered from slow write rates and reliability concerns related to cell wear. For these reasons, they were relegated to a niche status in the consumer and personal computer market. Since then, several architectural enhancements have been introduced that led to a substantial increase in random write operations as well as a reasonable improvement in reliability. From a purely performance point of view, these high I/O rates and improved reliability make the SSDs an ideal choice for enterprise On-Line Transaction Processing (OLTP) applications. However, from a price/performance point of view, the case for SSDs may not be clear. Enterprise class SSD Price/GB, continues to be at least 10x higher than conventional magnetic hard disk drives (HDD) despite considerable drop in Flash chip prices. We show that a complete replacement of traditional HDDs with SSDs is not cost effective. Further, we demonstrate that the most cost efficient use of SSDs for OLTP workloads is as an intermediate persistent cache that sits between conventional HDDs and memory, thus forming a three-level memory hierarchy. We also discuss two implementations of such cache: hardware or software. For the software approach, we discuss our implementation of such a cache in an inhouse database system. We also describe off-the shelf hardware solutions. We will develop a Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) model for All-SSD and All-HDD configurations. We will also come up with a modified OLTP benchmark that can scale IO density to validate this model. We will also show how such SSD cache implementations could increase the performance of OLTP applications while reducing the overall system cost.