Can computer personalities be human personalities?
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Looking at human-computer interface design: Effects of ethnicity in computer agents
Interacting with Computers
Simulating Instructional Roles through Pedagogical Agents
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
Excel 2007
Fun and learning: the power of narrative
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Foundations of Digital Games
Virtual agents in retail web sites: Benefits of simulated social interaction for older users
Computers in Human Behavior
Being immersed: avatar similarity and self-awareness
Proceedings of the 24th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference
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In this study, trainees worked with computerized trainer agents that were either similar to them or different regarding appearance or feedback-giving style. Similarity was assessed objectively, based on appearance and feedback style matching, and subjectively, based on participants' self-reported perceptions of similarity. Appearance similarity had few effects. Objective feedback similarity led to higher scores on a declarative knowledge test and higher liking for the trainer. Subjective feedback similarity was related to reactions, engagement, and liking for the trainer. Overall, results indicated that subjective similarity is more important in predicting training outcomes than objective similarity, and that surface-level similarity is less important than deep-level similarity. These results shed new light on the dynamics between e-learners and trainer agents, and inform the design of agent-based training.