An Behavior-based Robotics
Nonverbal leakage in robots: communication of intentions through seemingly unintentional behavior
Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE international conference on Human robot interaction
Visual attention in spoken human-robot interaction
Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE international conference on Human robot interaction
Emotional gaze behavior generation in human-agent interaction
CHI '09 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Explorations in engagement for humans and robots
Artificial Intelligence
Visual attention and eye gaze during multiparty conversations with distractions
IVA'06 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Proceedings of the Workshop on Performance Metrics for Intelligent Systems
Conversational gaze aversion for humanlike robots
Proceedings of the 2014 ACM/IEEE international conference on Human-robot interaction
| Hi-index | 0.00 |
Based on a synthesis of eight major studies using six robots involving social gaze in robotics, this research proposes a novel behavioral definition as a mapping G = E(C) from the perception of a social context C to a set of head, eye, and body patterns called gaze acts G that expresses the engagement E. This definition places social gaze within the behavior-based programming framework for robots and agents, providing a guide for principled future implementations. The research also identifies five social contexts, or functions, of social gaze (Establishing agency, Communicating social attention, Regulating the interaction process, Manifesting interaction content and Projecting mental state) along with six discrete gaze acts for social gaze functions (Fixation, Short glance, Aversion, Concurrence, Confusion, and Scan) that have been employed by various robots or in simulation for these contexts. The research contributes to a computational understanding of social gaze that bridges psychological, cognitive, and robotics communities.