Massive arrays of idle disks for storage archives
Proceedings of the 2002 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing
Reducing Energy Consumption of Disk Storage Using Power-Aware Cache Management
HPCA '04 Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture
Proceedings of the twentieth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Disk drive level workload characterization
ATEC '06 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX '06 Annual Technical Conference
PARAID: a gear-shifting power-aware RAID
FAST '07 Proceedings of the 5th USENIX conference on File and Storage Technologies
Write off-loading: practical power management for enterprise storage
FAST'08 Proceedings of the 6th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies
Context-aware mechanisms for reducing interactive delays of energy management in disks
ATC'08 USENIX 2008 Annual Technical Conference on Annual Technical Conference
Addressing the stranded power problem in datacenters using storage workload characterization
Proceedings of the first joint WOSP/SIPEW international conference on Performance engineering
Autonomic exploration of trade-offs between power and performance in disk drives
Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Autonomic computing
Evaluating performance and energy in file system server workloads
FAST'10 Proceedings of the 8th USENIX conference on File and storage technologies
SRCMap: energy proportional storage using dynamic consolidation
FAST'10 Proceedings of the 8th USENIX conference on File and storage technologies
Workload decomposition for power efficient storage systems
HotPower'08 Proceedings of the 2008 conference on Power aware computing and systems
Copy rate synchronization with performance guarantees for work consolidation in storage clusters
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
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In order to reduce the amount of power consumption in data centers, it is becoming necessary to shut off or slow down disks that are not actively serving user requests. In addition to exploiting disk drive idleness, system features are in place that shape a disk's workload by redirecting portions of it elsewhere, with the goal to expand the periods of idleness and the potential for power savings. In this paper, we propose several workload shaping techniques that determine which part of the working set to copy elsewhere using temporal and spatial access frequencies in the workload. These workload shaping techniques, used within an analytic estimation methodology, enable a fully automated framework that determines on-line for the current workload which, if any, shaping technique to activate such that the power saving benefits are maximized without violating performance targets. Extensive trace-driven evaluation shows that the proposed workload shaping techniques complement each-other with regard to their abilities to enhance idleness in disk drives for a wide range of workload characteristics. This results to added power savings in a data center even when performance targets are stringent and workloads intensive.