Bullet: high bandwidth data dissemination using an overlay mesh
SOSP '03 Proceedings of the nineteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
SplitStream: high-bandwidth multicast in cooperative environments
SOSP '03 Proceedings of the nineteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Resilient Peer-to-Peer Streaming
ICNP '03 Proceedings of the 11th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols
PROMISE: peer-to-peer media streaming using CollectCast
MULTIMEDIA '03 Proceedings of the eleventh ACM international conference on Multimedia
Error Control Coding, Second Edition
Error Control Coding, Second Edition
A framework for architecting peer-to-peer receiver-driven overlays
NOSSDAV '04 Proceedings of the 14th international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video
Enabling contribution awareness in an overlay broadcasting system
Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Maximizing total upload in latency-sensitive P2P applications
Proceedings of the nineteenth annual ACM symposium on Parallel algorithms and architectures
Magellan: Charting Large-Scale Peer-to-Peer Live Streaming Topologies
ICDCS '07 Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems
Measurement and modeling of a large-scale overlay for multimedia streaming
The Fourth International Conference on Heterogeneous Networking for Quality, Reliability, Security and Robustness & Workshops
On next-generation telco-managed P2P TV architectures
IPTPS'08 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Peer-to-peer systems
PULSE: An Adaptive, Incentive-Based, Unstructured P2P Live Streaming System
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Coolstreaming: Design, Theory, and Practice
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
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A number of commercial peer-to-peer (P2P) systems for live streaming have been introduced in recent years. The behavior of these popular systems has been extensively studied in several measurement papers. Due to the proprietary nature of these commercial systems, however, these studies have to rely on a "black-box" approach, where packet traces are collected from a single or a limited number of measurement points, to infer various properties of traffic on the control and data planes. Although such studies are useful to compare different systems from the end-user's perspective, it is difficult to intuitively understand the observed properties without fully reverse-engineering the underlying systems. In this paper, we describe the network architecture of Zattoo, one of the largest production live streaming providers in Europe at the time of writing, and present a large-scale measurement study of Zattoo using data collected by the provider. To highlight, we found that even when the Zattoo system was heavily loaded with as high as 20 000 concurrent users on a single overlay, the median channel join delay remained less than 2-5 s, and that, for a majority of users, the streamed signal lags over-the-air broadcast signal by no more than 3 s.