FreeGaze: a gaze tracking system for everyday gaze interaction
ETRA '02 Proceedings of the 2002 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
A non-contact device for tracking gaze in a human computer interface
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on eye detection and tracking
A novel non-intrusive eye gaze estimation using cross-ratio under large head motion
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on eye detection and tracking
Motion measurement errors and autofocus in bistatic SAR
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
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In this paper, an eye tracking method and an automatic focusing technique, which combine the regulation of the aperture with the adjustment of the focus of the camera lens, are proposed to acquire clear eye images in the eye-gaze tracking system. Firstly, the aperture of the CCD lens is controlled to adapt the system to external lighting circumstances with the average brightness value of the processed images as the basic value. Secondly, a sum-modulus-difference (SMD) operator is used for rough and quick focusing in a large scale to obtain the eye glints, and for the control of a pan-tilt unit to track and aim at the eye, and for regulation of the lens focus. Finally, a frequency selective weighted median (FSWM) operator is applied in the determined window to focus automatically and acquire clear eye images. If the pupil contour can be extracted from the eye image, then the average gradient value of the pupil's edge points can be used for real-time focusing. Experimental results show that this system can adapt to external lighting changes and to the user's head movements. It can track the eye and acquire clear eye images in real-time.