Interval-based Clock Synchronization
Real-Time Systems - Special issue on global time in large scale distributed real-time systems, part II
Time synchronization over networks using convex closures
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Time synchronization in ad hoc networks
MobiHoc '01 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international symposium on Mobile ad hoc networking & computing
Computing Common Tangents Without a Separating Line
WADS '95 Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Algorithms and Data Structures
Maintaining the time in a distributed system
PODC '83 Proceedings of the second annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
Improved interval-based clock synchronization in sensor networks
Proceedings of the 3rd international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
The flooding time synchronization protocol
SenSys '04 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Tiny-sync: Tight time synchronization for wireless sensor networks
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
International Journal of Ad Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing
Gradient clock synchronization in wireless sensor networks
IPSN '09 Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks
Optimal clock synchronization in networks
Proceedings of the 7th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems
Temperature Compensated Time Synchronization
IEEE Embedded Systems Letters
Proceedings of the 2012 Symposium on Theory of Modeling and Simulation - DEVS Integrative M&S Symposium
Resilient estimation of synchronisation uncertainty through software clocks
International Journal of Critical Computer-Based Systems
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Accuracy is one of the most important performance metrics in clock synchronization. While state-of-the-art synchronization protocols achieve µsec-order average accuracy, they usually do not focus on the worst case accuracy and do not have any deterministic guarantees. This lack of accuracy guarantee makes it hard for sensor networks to be incorporated into larger systems that require more reliability than e.g., typical environmental monitoring applications do. In this paper, we present a clock synchronization algorithm with deterministic accuracy guarantee. A key observation is that the variability of oscillation frequency is much smaller in a single crystal than between different crystals. Our algorithm leverages this to achieve much tighter accuracy guarantee compared to the interval-based synchronization methods mostly proposed in the literature of distributed systems. We designed an algorithm to solve a geometric problem involving tangents to convex polygons, and implemented that in TinyOS. Experimental results show the deterministic error bound less than 9.2 clock ticks (280 µsec) on average at the first hop, which is close to the simulation results. Further, by a combination with previously proposed synchronization algorithms, it achieves the estimation error of 1.54 ticks at 10 hop distance, which is more than 40% better than FTSP, while giving deterministic error bounds.