The ARBAC97 model for role-based administration of roles
ACM Transactions on Information and System Security (TISSEC) - Special issue on role-based access control
Identification of host audit data to detect attacks on low-level IP vulnerabilities
Journal of Computer Security
NetSTAT: a network-based intrusion detection system
Journal of Computer Security
Abstraction-based intrusion detection in distributed environments
ACM Transactions on Information and System Security (TISSEC)
Principles of Corporate Finance with Cdrom
Principles of Corporate Finance with Cdrom
Security in Computing
The economics of information security investment
ACM Transactions on Information and System Security (TISSEC)
Using internal sensors and embedded detectors for intrusion detection
Journal of Computer Security
Why Information Security is Hard-An Economic Perspective
ACSAC '01 Proceedings of the 17th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference
Journal of Computer Security - IFIP 2000
Cost effective management frameworks for intrusion detection systems
Journal of Computer Security
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
International Journal of Electronic Commerce
An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Software Vulnerability Announcements on Firm Stock Price
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Market Reactions to Information Security Breach Announcements: An Empirical Analysis
International Journal of Electronic Commerce
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By analyzing evidence of stock returns using a sophisticated market model over a long period and over two distinct and naturally arising sub-periods, this study helps resolve conflicting evidence from previous studies concerning the effect of information security breaches on market returns of firms. This study has three major findings. First, the impact of the broad class of information security breaches on stock market returns of firms is significant. Second, when breaches are classified by their primary effect in terms of (i) confidentiality, (ii) availability or (iii) integrity, attacks associated with breaches of availability are seen to have the greatest negative effect on stock market returns. Third, there has been a significant downward shift in the impact of the security breaches in the sub-period following the 9/11/2001 attacks versus the impact in the pre-9/11 period. Apparently, with increased media reporting of information security breaches without apparent devastating effects on targeted corporations, investors lowered their assessment of the costs of such breaches. Two possible reasons for this downward shift are (1) more effective remediation and disaster recovery and (2) a perceived decrease in the tendency of customers to refrain from doing business with firms experiencing an information security breach.