A case for redundant arrays of inexpensive disks (RAID)
SIGMOD '88 Proceedings of the 1988 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Performance consequences of parity placement in disk arrays
ASPLOS IV Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Parity declustering for continuous operation in redundant disk arrays
ASPLOS V Proceedings of the fifth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
EVENODD: An Efficient Scheme for Tolerating Double Disk Failures in RAID Architectures
IEEE Transactions on Computers - Special issue on fault-tolerant computing
Striping in a RAID level 5 disk array
Proceedings of the 1995 ACM SIGMETRICS joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
On-line extraction of SCSI disk drive parameters
Proceedings of the 1995 ACM SIGMETRICS joint international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
The HP AutoRAID hierarchical storage system
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS) - Special issue on operating system principles
Overlay striping and optimal parallel I/O for modern applications
Parallel Computing - Special issues on applications: parallel data servers and applications
Declustered disk array architectures with optimal and near-optimal parallelism
Proceedings of the 25th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Best-fit bin-packing with random order
Proceedings of the seventh annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms
Maximizing performance in a striped disk array
ISCA '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual international symposium on Computer Architecture
Striping in disk array RM2 enabling the tolerance of double disk failures
Supercomputing '96 Proceedings of the 1996 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing
Minerva: An automated resource provisioning tool for large-scale storage systems
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
Traveling to Rome: QoS Specifications for Automated Storage System Management
IWQoS '01 Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Quality of Service
A Modular, Analytical Throughput Model for Modern Disk Arrays
MASCOTS '01 Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium in Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems
| Hi-index | 0.00 |
Disk arrays have a myriad of configuration parameters that interact in counter-intuitive ways, and those interactions can have significant impacts on cost, performance, and reliability. Even after values for these parameters have been chosen, there are exponentially-many ways to map data onto the disk arrays' logical units. Meanwhile, the importance of correct choices is increasing: storage systems represent an growing fraction of total system cost, they need to respond more rapidly to changing needs, and there is less and less tolerance for mistakes. We believe that automatic design and configuration of storage systems is the only viable solution to these issues. To that end, we present a comparative study of a range of techniques for programmatically choosing the RAID levels to use in a disk array. Our simplest approaches are modeled on existing, manual rules of thumb: they "tag" data with a RAID level before determining the configuration of the array to which it is assigned. Our best approach simultaneously determines the RAID levels for the data, the array configuration, and the layout of data on that array. It operates as an optimization process with the twin goals of minimizing array cost while ensuring that storage workload performance requirements will be met. This approach produces robust solutions with an average cost/performance 14- 17% better than the best results for the tagging schemes, and up to 150-200% better than their worst solutions. We believe that this is the first presentation and systematic analysis of a variety of novel, fully-automatic RAID-level selection techniques.