WSC '92 Proceedings of the 24th conference on Winter simulation
Task complexity affects information seeking and use
Information Processing and Management: an International Journal
Designing Human-Centered Distributed Information Systems
IEEE Intelligent Systems
Emerging paradigms of cognition in medical decision-making
Journal of Biomedical Informatics
Cognitive schema and naturalistic decision making in evidence-based practices
Journal of Biomedical Informatics
A cognitive taxonomy of medical errors
Journal of Biomedical Informatics
Human-centered design of a distributed knowledge management system
Journal of Biomedical Informatics - Special issue: Human-centered computing in health information systems. Part 1: Analysis and design
Journal of Biomedical Informatics
Guest Editorial: Biomedical Complexity and Error
Journal of Biomedical Informatics
TURF: Toward a unified framework of EHR usability
Journal of Biomedical Informatics
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In critical care environments such as the emergency department (ED), many activities and decisions are not planned. In this study, we developed a new methodology for systematically studying what are these unplanned activities and decisions. This methodology expands the traditional naturalistic decision making (NDM) frameworks by explicitly identifying the role of environmental factors in decision making. We focused on decisions made by ED physicians as they transitioned between tasks. Through ethnographic data collection, we developed a taxonomy of decision types. The empirical data provide important insight to the complexity of the ED environment by highlighting adaptive behavior in this intricate milieu. Our results show that half of decisions in the ED we studied are not planned, rather decisions are opportunistic decision (34%) or influenced by interruptions or distractions (21%). What impacts these unplanned decisions have on the quality, safety, and efficiency in the ED environment are important research topics for future investigation.