Computers and Biomedical Research
Human-computer interaction: toward the year 2000
Human-computer interaction: toward the year 2000
To err is not entirely human: complex technology and user cognition
Journal of Biomedical Informatics - Special section: JAMA commentaries
Workflow modeling in critical care: Piecing together your own puzzle
Journal of Biomedical Informatics
Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Compression of individual sequences via variable-rate coding
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Guest Editorial: Biomedical Complexity and Error
Journal of Biomedical Informatics
Journal of Biomedical Informatics
Envisioning complexity in healthcare systems through social networks
Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining
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In many respects, the critical care workplace resembles a paradigmatic complex system: on account of the dynamic and interactive nature of collaborative clinical work, these settings are characterized by non-linear, inter-dependent and emergent activities. Developing a comprehensive understanding of the work activities in critical care settings enables the development of streamlined work practices, better clinician workflow and most importantly, helps in the avoidance of and recovery from potential errors. Sensor-based technology provides a flexible and viable way to complement human observations by providing a mechanism to capture the nuances of certain activities with greater precision and timing. In this paper, we use sensor-based technology to capture the movement and interactions of clinicians in the Trauma Center of an Emergency Department (ED). Remarkable consistency was found between sensor data and human observations in terms of clinician locations and interactions. With this validation and greater precision with sensors, ED environment was characterized in terms of (a) the degree of randomness or entropy in the environment, (b) the movement patterns of clinicians, (c) interactions with other clinicians and finally, (d) patterns of collaborative organization with team aggregation and dispersion. Based on our results, we propose three opportunities for the use of sensor technologies in critical care settings: as a mechanism for real-time monitoring and analysis for ED activities, education and training of clinicians, and perhaps most importantly, investigating the root-causes, origins and progression of errors in the ED. Lessons learned and the challenges encountered in designing and implementing the sensor technology sensor data are discussed.