Two years of experience with a &mgr;-Kernel based OS
ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review
Application performance and flexibility on exokernel systems
Proceedings of the sixteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Proceedings of the FREENIX Track: 2001 USENIX Annual Technical Conference
A Safety-Oriented Platform for Web Applications
SP '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
The design and implementation of microdrivers
Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Secure Web Browsing with the OP Web Browser
SP '08 Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
Isolating web programs in modern browser architectures
Proceedings of the 4th ACM European conference on Computer systems
Native Client: A Sandbox for Portable, Untrusted x86 Native Code
SP '09 Proceedings of the 2009 30th IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
Leveraging legacy code to deploy desktop applications on the web
OSDI'08 Proceedings of the 8th USENIX conference on Operating systems design and implementation
The multi-principal OS construction of the gazelle web browser
SSYM'09 Proceedings of the 18th conference on USENIX security symposium
Decaf: moving device drivers to a modern language
USENIX'09 Proceedings of the 2009 conference on USENIX Annual technical conference
C3: an experimental, extensible, reconfigurable platform for HTML-based applications
WebApps'11 Proceedings of the 2nd USENIX conference on Web application development
Open data kit sensors: a sensor integration framework for android at the application-level
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
Gibraltar: exposing hardware devices to web pages using AJAX
WebApps'12 Proceedings of the 3rd USENIX conference on Web Application Development
Arrakis: a case for the end of the empire
HotOS'13 Proceedings of the 14th USENIX conference on Hot Topics in Operating Systems
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Web browsers do not yet provide Web programs with the same safe, convenient access to local devices that operating systems provide to native programs. As a result, Web programmers must either wait for the slowly evolving HTML standard to add support for the device classes they want to use, or they must use difficult to deploy browser plug-ins to add the access they need. This paper describes Maverick, a browser that provides Web applications with safe and flexible access to local devices. Maverick lets Web programmers implement USB device drivers and frameworks, like file systems or streaming video layers, using standard Web programming technologies such as HTML, JavaScript, or even code executed in a native client sandbox. These Web drivers and Web frameworks are downloaded dynamically from Web servers and executed by browsers alongside Web applications. Maverick provides Web drivers with protected access to the USB bus, and it provides Web drivers and frameworks with event-driven IPC channels to communicate with each other and with Web applications. We prototyped Maverick by modifying the Chrome Web browser and the Linux kernel. Using Maverick, we have implemented: several Web drivers, including a USB mass storage driver and a Webcam driver; several Web frameworks, including a FAT16 filesystem and a streaming video framework; and, several Web applications that exercise them. Our experiments show that Web drivers, frameworks, and applications are practical, easy to author, and have sufficient performance, even when implemented in JavaScript.