MPEG-4 Facial Animation: The Standard,Implementation and Applications
MPEG-4 Facial Animation: The Standard,Implementation and Applications
Visual Prosody: Facial Movements Accompanying Speech
FGR '02 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition
Audio-based head motion synthesis for Avatar-based telepresence systems
Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGMM workshop on Effective telepresence
Mood swings: expressive speech animation
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Towards Facial Gestures Generation by Speech Signal Analysis Using HUGE Architecture
Multimodal Signals: Cognitive and Algorithmic Issues
Real-time prosody-driven synthesis of body language
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2009 papers
SynFace: speech-driven facial animation for virtual speech-reading support
EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing - Special issue on animating virtual speakers or singers from audio: Lip-synching facial animation
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Because of extensive use of different computer devices, human-computer interaction design nowadays moves towards creating user centric interfaces. It assumes incorporating different modalities that humans use in everyday communication. Virtual humans, who look and behave believably, fit perfectly in the concept of designing interfaces in more natural, effective, as well as social oriented way. In this paper we present a novel method for automatic speech driven facial gesturing for virtual humans capable of real time performance. Facial gestures included are various nods and head movements, blinks, eyebrow gestures and gaze. A mapping from speech to facial gestures is based on the prosodic information obtained from the speech signal. It is realized using a hybrid approach--Hidden Markov Models, rules and global statistics. Further, we test the method using an application prototype--a system for speech driven facial gesturing suitable for virtual presenters. Subjective evaluation of the system confirmed that the synthesized facial movements are consistent and time aligned with the underlying speech, and thus provide natural behavior of the whole face.