Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning (Information Science and Statistics)
Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning (Information Science and Statistics)
An overview of text-independent speaker recognition: From features to supervectors
Speech Communication
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
A Study of Interspeaker Variability in Speaker Verification
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
Factorized Sub-Space Estimation for Fast and Memory Effective I-vector Extraction
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing (TASLP)
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This paper describes our efforts of transferring feature extraction and statistical modeling techniques from the fields of speaker and language identification to the related field of emotion recognition. We give detailed insight to our acoustic and prosodic feature extraction and show how to apply Gaussian Mixture Modeling techniques on top of it. We focus on different flavors of Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs), including more sophisticated approaches like discriminative training using Maximum-Mutual-Information (MMI) criterion and InterSession Variability (ISV) compensation. Both techniques show superior performance in language and speaker identification. Furthermore, we combine multiple system outputs by score-level fusion to exploit the complementary information in diverse systems. Our proposal is evaluated with several experiments on the FAU Aibo Emotion Corpus containing non-acted spontaneous emotional speech. Within the Interspeech 2009 Emotion Challenge we could achieve the best results for the 5-class task of the Open Performance Sub-Challenge with an unweighted average recall of 41.7%. Further additional experiments on the acted Berlin Database of Emotional Speech show the capability of intersession variability compensation for emotion recognition.