The Solovay-Kitaev algorithm

  • Authors:
  • Christopher M. Dawson;Michael A. Nielsen

  • Affiliations:
  • School of Physical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia;School of Physical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

  • Venue:
  • Quantum Information & Computation
  • Year:
  • 2006

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Abstract

This pedagogical review presents the proof of the Solovay-Kitaev theorem in the form ofan efficient classical algorithm for compiling an arbitrary single-qubit gate into a sequenceof gates from a fixed and finite set. The algorithm can be used, for example, to compileShor's algorithm, which uses rotations of π/2k, into an efficient fault-tolerant form usingonly Hadamard, controlled-not, and π/8 gates. The algorithm runs in O(log2.71(1/ε))time, and produces as output a sequence of O(log3.97(1/ε)) quantum gates which isguaranteed to approximate the desired quantum gate to an accuracy within ε 0. Wealso explain how the algorithm can be generalized to apply to multi-qubit gates and togates from SU(d).