A case for the coexistence of heterogeneous wireless networks
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Enabling coexistence of heterogeneous wireless systems: case for ZigBee and WiFi
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FAVOR: frequency allocation for versatile occupancy of spectrum in wireless sensor networks
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IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
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Proceedings of the 1st ACM workshop on Cognitive radio architectures for broadband
Configurable MAC layer access modes for challenging environments in body area networks
BodyNets '13 Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Body Area Networks
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ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review
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Recent years have witnessed the increasing adoption of ZigBee technology for performance-sensitive applications such as wireless patient monitoring in hospitals. However, operating in unlicensed ISM bands, ZigBee devices often yield unpredictable throughput and packet delivery ratio due to the interference from ever increasing WiFi hotspots in 2.4 GHz band. Our empirical results show that, although WiFi traffic contains abundant white space, the existing coexistence mechanisms such as CSMA are surprisingly inadequate for exploiting it. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that enables ZigBee links to achieve assured performance in the presence of heavy WiFi interference. First, based on statistical analysis of real-life network traces, we present a Pareto model to accurately characterize the white space in WiFi traffic. Second, we analytically model the performance of a ZigBee link in the presence of WiFi interference. Third, based on the white space model and our analysis, we develop a new ZigBee frame control protocol called WISE, which can achieve desired trade-offs between link throughput and delivery ratio. Our extensive experiments on a testbed of 802.11 netbooks and 802.15.4 TelosB motes show that, in the presence of heavy WiFi interference, WISE achieves 4脳 and 2脳 performance gains over B-MAC and a recent reliable transmission protocol, respectively, while only incurring 10.9% and 39.5% of their overhead.