Some basic determinants of computer programming productivity
Communications of the ACM
The Cost of Developing Large-Scale Software
IEEE Transactions on Computers
A General Empirical Solution to the Macro Software Sizing and Estimating Problem
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Program Complexity and Programmer Productivity
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
A method of programming measurement and estimation
IBM Systems Journal
Information and Management
Probabilistic estimation of software size and effort
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
The institutionalization of information system project management practices
Information and Organization
Perceptual Congruence and Systems Development Cost Estimation
Information Resources Management Journal
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The ability to estimate the personnel time and costs required for the completion of programming and systems projects is an important managerial tool for the information systems department. This article presents a survey of the estimation techniques found in the literature by describing each technique and discussing its strengths and weaknesses. Some empirical evidenc3e on how the various program and programmer/analyst characteristics affect project time and cost are also reported.