On tree-constrained matchings and generalizations

  • Authors:
  • Stefan Canzar;Khaled Elbassioni;Gunnar W. Klau;Julín Mestre

  • Affiliations:
  • Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, Life Sciences Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik, Algorithms and Complexity Dept., Saarbrücken, Germany;Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica, Life Sciences Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;School of Information Technologies, The University of Sydney, Australia

  • Venue:
  • ICALP'11 Proceedings of the 38th international colloquim conference on Automata, languages and programming - Volume Part I
  • Year:
  • 2011

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Abstract

We consider the following TREE-CONSTRAINED BIPARTITE MATCHING problem: Given two rooted trees T1 = (V1,E1), T2 = (V2, E2) and a weight function w: V1×V2 → R+, find a maximum weight matching M between nodes of the two trees, such that none of the matched nodes is an ancestor of another matched node in either of the trees. This generalization of the classical bipartite matching problem appears, for example, in the computational analysis of live cell video data. We show that the problem is APX-hard and thus, unless P = NP, disprove a previous claim that it is solvable in polynomial time. Furthermore, we give a 2-approximation algorithm based on a combination of the local ratio technique and a careful use of the structure of basic feasible solutions of a natural LP-relaxation, which we also show to have an integrality gap of 2 - o(1). In the second part of the paper, we consider a natural generalization of the problem, where trees are replaced by partially ordered sets (posets). We show that the local ratio technique gives a 2kρ-approximation for the k-dimensional matching generalization of the problem, in which the maximum number of incomparable elements below (or above) any given element in each poset is bounded by ρ. We finally give an almost matching integrality gap example, and an inapproximability result showing that the dependence on ρ is most likely unavoidable.