On-Line and Off-Line Handwriting Recognition: A Comprehensive Survey
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Stroke-based time warping for signature verification
ICDAR '95 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (Volume 1) - Volume 1
Establishing Handwriting Individuality Using Pattern Recognition Techniques
ICDAR '01 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition
Analysis of Handwriting Individuality Using Word Features
ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 2
Writer Identification based on the fractal construction of a reference base
ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 2
Information Retrieval Based Writer Identification
ICDAR '03 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 2
New pen device for biometrical 3D pressure analysis of handwritten characters, words and signatures
WBMA '03 Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGMM workshop on Biometrics methods and applications
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A writer identification and verification system
Pattern Recognition Letters
HMM-based on-line signature verification: Feature extraction and signature modeling
Pattern Recognition Letters
Advances in Writer Identification and Verification
ICDAR '07 Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition - Volume 02
A writer identification system for on-line whiteboard data
Pattern Recognition
Online signature verification using Fourier descriptors
EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing - Special issue on recent advances in biometric systems: a signal processing perspective
An on-line signature verification system based on fusion of local and global information
AVBPA'05 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication
Automatic Signature Verification: The State of the Art
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part C: Applications and Reviews
Online text-independent writer identification based on stroke's probability distribution function
ICB'07 Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Advances in Biometrics
Writer recognition enhancement by means of synthetically generated handwritten text
Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence
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This paper presents a handwritten text biometric recognition system suitable to be applied to short sequences of text (words). Strokes are considered the structural units of handwriting with words being regarded as two separate sequences: one of pen-down and one of pen-up strokes. Unsupervised categorization by means of a self-organized map allows mapping strokes to integers and the efficient comparison of the sequences by means of dynamic time warping. Measures obtained from each sequence are combined in a later step. This separation gives us the opportunity to show that pen-up strokes possess a surprisingly high discriminative power, while the performance of the combination suggests they may carry non-redundant information with respect to pen-down strokes. A writer identification rate of 92.38% and a minimum of detection cost function of 0.046 (4.6%) is achieved with 370 users and just one word. Results are improved up to 96.46% and 0.033 (3.3%) when combining two words.