Agents that reduce work and information overload
Communications of the ACM
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Information Processing and Human-Machine Interaction: An Approach to Cognitive Engineering
Information Processing and Human-Machine Interaction: An Approach to Cognitive Engineering
Self-adaptive multimodal-interruption interfaces
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
What can a mouse cursor tell us more?: correlation of eye/mouse movements on web browsing
CHI '01 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Models of attention in computing and communication: from principles to applications
Communications of the ACM
Attuning notification design to user goals and attention costs
Communications of the ACM
Open Mind Common Sense: Knowledge Acquisition from the General Public
On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems, 2002 - DOA/CoopIS/ODBASE 2002 Confederated International Conferences DOA, CoopIS and ODBASE 2002
Interruptions as Multimodal Outputs: Which are the Less Disruptive?
ICMI '02 Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Multimodal Interfaces
Learning and reasoning about interruption
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
A diary study of task switching and interruptions
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Out of context: computer systems that adapt to, and learn from, context
IBM Systems Journal
Predictors of availability in home life context-mediated communication
CSCW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Disruption and recovery of computing tasks: field study, analysis, and directions
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
The scope and importance of human interruption in human-computer interaction design
Human-Computer Interaction
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Multitasking environments cause people to be interrupted constantly, often interfering with their ongoing tasks, activities and goals. This paper focuses on the disruption caused by interruptions and presents a disruption mediating approach for balancing the negative effects of interruptions with respect to the benefits of interruptions relevant to the user goals. Our work shows how Disruption Manager utilizing context and relationships to user goals and tasks can assess when and how to present interruptions in order to reduce their disruptiveness. The Disruption Management Framework was created to take into consideration motivations that influence people's interruption decision process. The framework predicts the effects from interruptions using a three-layer software architecture: a knowledge layer including information about topics related to the ongoing activity, an intermediate layer including summarized information about the user tasks and their stages, and a low level layer including implicit low granularity information, such as mouse movement, context switching and windowing activity to support fail-safe disruption management when no other contextual information is available. The manager supports implicit monitoring of ongoing behaviors and categorizing possible disruptive outcome given the user and system state. The manager monitors actions and uses common sense reasoning in its model to compare communication stream topics with topics files that are active on the desktop. Experiments demonstrate that disruption manager significantly reduces the impact of interruptions and improve people's performance in a multiapplication desktop scenario with email and instant messaging. In a complex order taking activity, disruption manager yielded a 26% performance increase for tasks prioritized as being important and a 32.5% increase for urgent tasks. The evaluation shows that the modulated interruptions did not distract or troubled users. Further, subjects using the Disruption Manager were 5 times more likely to respond effectively to instant messages.