Designing the user interface (videotape)
Designing the user interface (videotape)
Human factors in alarm design
Heart rate variability: indicator of user state as an aid to human-computer interaction
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The response of eye-movement and pupil size to audio instruction while viewing a moving target
ETRA '00 Proceedings of the 2000 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
The act of task difficulty and eye-movement frequency for the 'Oculo-motor indices'
ETRA '02 Proceedings of the 2002 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
Communications of the ACM
Predicting human interruptibility with sensors: a Wizard of Oz feasibility study
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Notification user interfaces
Learning and reasoning about interruption
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
A model for notification systems evaluation—assessing user goals for multitasking activity
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Collision warning design to mitigate driver distraction
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
If not now, when?: the effects of interruption at different moments within task execution
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Task-evoked pupillary response to mental workload in human-computer interaction
CHI '04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Using mental load for managing interruptions in physiologically attentive user interfaces
CHI '04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Controlling interruptions: awareness displays and social motivation for coordination
CSCW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
BusyBody: creating and fielding personalized models of the cost of interruption
CSCW '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Towards an index of opportunity: understanding changes in mental workload during task execution
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Examining task engagement in sensor-based statistical models of human interruptibility
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Emotions and heart rate while sitting on a chair
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Leveraging characteristics of task structure to predict the cost of interruption
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The scope and importance of human interruption in human-computer interaction design
Human-Computer Interaction
UAI'99 Proceedings of the Fifteenth conference on Uncertainty in artificial intelligence
"Are you watching this film or what?": interruption and the juggling of cohorts
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Mental workload in multi-device personal information management
CHI '09 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Capturing and Restoring the Context of Everyday Work: A Case Study at a Law Office
HCD 09 Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Human Centered Design: Held as Part of HCI International 2009
Estimating cognitive load using remote eye tracking in a driving simulator
Proceedings of the 2010 Symposium on Eye-Tracking Research & Applications
Building respectful interface agents
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Multitasking and monotasking: the effects of mental workload on deferred task interruptions
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
On reconstruction of task context after interruption
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Cars, calls, and cognition: investigating driving and divided attention
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
User perception of interruptions in multimedia annotation tasks
Proceedings of the 6th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Extending Boundaries
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Conference Internationale Francophone sur I'Interaction Homme-Machine
Measuring multitasking behavior with activity-based metrics
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
The effects of time constraints on user behavior for deferrable interruptions
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Activity recognition using eye-gaze movements and traditional interactions
Interacting with Computers
The effect of system usability and multitasking activities in distance learning
Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGCHI Italian Chapter International Conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Facing Complexity
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Choosing your moment: interruptions in multimedia annotation
INTERACT'11 Proceedings of the 13th IFIP TC 13 international conference on Human-computer interaction - Volume Part II
Attention and intention goals can mediate disruption in human-computer interaction
INTERACT'11 Proceedings of the 13th IFIP TC 13 international conference on Human-computer interaction - Volume Part II
Trusty: a tool to improve communication and collaboration in DSD
CRIWG'11 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Collaboration and technology
What do you want to do next: a novel approach for intent prediction in gaze-based interaction
Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications
Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications
Context-dependent awareness support in open collaboration environments
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Study of Polynomial Mapping Functions in Video-Oculography Eye Trackers
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Interaction issues in computer aided semantic annotation of multimedia
Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Making Sense Through Design
Balancing Awareness and Interruption in Mobile Patrol using Context-Aware Notification
International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction
Cognitive Resource-Aware Adaptive Web Service Binding and Scheduling
WI-IAT '12 Proceedings of the The 2012 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conferences on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology - Volume 01
Investigation of fNIRS brain sensing as input to information filtering systems
Proceedings of the 4th Augmented Human International Conference
Interleaving tasks to improve performance: Users maximise the marginal rate of return
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
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Notifications can have reduced interruption cost if delivered at moments of lower mental workload during task execution. Cognitive theorists have speculated that these moments occur at subtask boundaries. In this article, we empirically test this speculation by examining how workload changes during execution of goal-directed tasks, focusing on regions between adjacent chunks within the tasks, that is, the subtask boundaries. In a controlled experiment, users performed several interactive tasks while their pupil dilation, a reliable measure of workload, was continuously measured using an eye tracking system. The workload data was extracted from the pupil data, precisely aligned to the corresponding task models, and analyzed. Our principal findings include (i) workload changes throughout the execution of goal-directed tasks; (ii) workload exhibits transient decreases at subtask boundaries relative to the preceding subtasks; (iii) the amount of decrease tends to be greater at boundaries corresponding to the completion of larger chunks of the task; and (iv) different types of subtasks induce different amounts of workload. We situate these findings within resource theories of attention and discuss important implications for interruption management systems.