Activity theory as a potential framework for human-computer interaction research
Context and consciousness
Studying context: a comparison of activity theory, situated action models, and distributed cognition
Context and consciousness
Time and information technology: monochronicity, polychronicity and temporal symmetry
European Journal of Information Systems
Effects of instant messaging interruptions on computing tasks
CHI '00 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A model for notification systems evaluation—assessing user goals for multitasking activity
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
"Constant, constant, multi-tasking craziness": managing multiple working spheres
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A diary study of task switching and interruptions
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Towards a composite modelling approach for multitasking
TAMODIA '04 Proceedings of the 3rd annual conference on Task models and diagrams
No task left behind?: examining the nature of fragmented work
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Acting with Technology: Activity Theory and Interaction Design (Acting with Technology)
Acting with Technology: Activity Theory and Interaction Design (Acting with Technology)
Reconceptualizing System Usage: An Approach and Empirical Test
Information Systems Research
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Discussion: "Working sphere/engagement" and the concept of task in activity theory
Interacting with Computers
A human activity approach to user interfaces
Human-Computer Interaction
Technical opinion: Multitasking with laptops during meetings
Communications of the ACM - Inspiring Women in Computing
The scope and importance of human interruption in human-computer interaction design
Human-Computer Interaction
Human-Computer Interaction
Supporting collaborative task management in e-mail
Human-Computer Interaction
Rapid prototyping and evaluation of in-vehicle interfaces
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Juggling on a high wire: Multitasking effects on performance
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Back to the app: the costs of mobile application interruptions
MobileHCI '12 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services
Making sense of multitasking: Key behaviours
Computers & Education
Interleaving tasks to improve performance: Users maximise the marginal rate of return
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
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Multitasking is the result of time allocation decisions made by individuals faced with multiple tasks. Multitasking research is important in order to improve the design of systems and applications. Since people typically use computers to perform multiple tasks at the same time, insights into this type of behavior can help develop better systems and ideal types of computer environments for modern multitasking users. In this paper, we define multitasking based on the principles of task independence and performance concurrency and develop a set of metrics for computer-based multitasking. The theoretical foundation of this metric development effort stems from an application of key principles of Activity Theory and a systematic analysis of computer usage from the perspective of the user, the task and the technology. The proposed metrics, which range from a lean dichotomous variable to a richer measure based on switches, were validated with data from a sample of users who self-reported their activities during a computer usage session. This set of metrics can be used to establish a conceptual and methodological foundation for future multitasking studies.