Timespace in the workplace: dealing with interruptions
CHI '95 Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Taking email to task: the design and evaluation of a task management centered email tool
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Evaluation and analysis of users' activity organization
CHI '83 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
TaskTracer: a desktop environment to support multi-tasking knowledge workers
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Towards a composite modelling approach for multitasking
TAMODIA '04 Proceedings of the 3rd annual conference on Task models and diagrams
No task left behind?: examining the nature of fragmented work
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Interaction in 4-second bursts: the fragmented nature of attentional resources in mobile HCI
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Evaluating technology for coordinating communication
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Project view IM: a tool for juggling multiple projects and teams
CHI '05 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the 27th international conference on Software engineering
Roles and relationships for unified activity management
GROUP '05 Proceedings of the 2005 international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work
CLIHC '05 Proceedings of the 2005 Latin American conference on Human-computer interaction
Support for activity-based computing in a personal computing operating system
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Design of a role-playing game to study the trajectories of health care workers in an operating room
CHI '06 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Designing and evaluating glanceable peripheral displays
DIS '06 Proceedings of the 6th conference on Designing Interactive systems
Interruptions on software teams: a comparison of paired and solo programmers
CSCW '06 Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on Computer supported cooperative work
FeedMe: a collaborative alert filtering system
CSCW '06 Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on Computer supported cooperative work
A comparison of chat and audio in media rich environments
CSCW '06 Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on Computer supported cooperative work
CSCW '06 Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Using task context to improve programmer productivity
Proceedings of the 14th ACM SIGSOFT international symposium on Foundations of software engineering
JASPER: an Eclipse plug-in to facilitate software maintenance tasks
eclipse '06 Proceedings of the 2006 OOPSLA workshop on eclipse technology eXchange
Towards evidence-supported, question-directed collaborative program comprehension
CASCON '06 Proceedings of the 2006 conference of the Center for Advanced Studies on Collaborative research
Managing collaborative activities in project management
Proceedings of the 2007 symposium on Computer human interaction for the management of information technology
Disruption and recovery of computing tasks: field study, analysis, and directions
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Recent shortcuts: using recent interactions to support shared activities
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Supporting proactive planning of multiple activities
CHI '07 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Managing currents of work: multi-tasking among multiple collaborations
ECSCW'05 Proceedings of the ninth conference on European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
The influence of self-esteem and locus of control on perceived email-related stress
Computers in Human Behavior
An analysis of developers' tasks using low-level, automatically collected data
Proceedings of the the 6th joint meeting of the European software engineering conference and the ACM SIGSOFT symposium on The foundations of software engineering
An analysis of developers' tasks using low-level, automatically collected data
The 6th Joint Meeting on European software engineering conference and the ACM SIGSOFT symposium on the foundations of software engineering: companion papers
Mobile Networks and Applications
Unpacking the social dimension of external interruptions
Proceedings of the 2007 international ACM conference on Supporting group work
Comparing episodic and semantic interfaces for task boundary identification
CASCON '07 Proceedings of the 2007 conference of the center for advanced studies on Collaborative research
Discussion: West meets East: Adapting Activity Theory for HCI & CSCW applications?
Interacting with Computers
Communication chains and multitasking
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The cost of interrupted work: more speed and stress
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The personal project planner: planning to organize personal information
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Automatically finding and recommending resources to support knowledge workers' activities
Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Plastic: a metaphor for integrated technologies
UbiComp '08 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Ubiquitous computing
Conversations Amidst Computing: A Study of Interruptions and Recovery of Task Activity
UM '07 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on User Modeling
Re-framing the desktop interface around the activities of knowledge work
Proceedings of the 21st annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Lost in translation: investigating the ambiguity of availability cues in an online media space
Behaviour & Information Technology
Usability in multiple monitor displays
ACM SIGMIS Database
"Are you watching this film or what?": interruption and the juggling of cohorts
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
IM waiting: timing and responsiveness in semi-synchronous communication
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Understanding the implications of social translucence for systems supporting communication at work
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Designing a vision-based mobile interface for in-store shopping
Proceedings of the 5th Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction: building bridges
Understanding and supporting personal activity management by IT service workers
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM Symposium on Computer Human Interaction for Management of Information Technology
It feels better than filing: everyday work experiences in an activity-based computing system
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Lightweight tagging expands information and activity management practices
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Self-interruption on the computer: a typology of discretionary task interleaving
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Towards new metrics for multitasking behavior
CHI '09 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A design evaluation of a user interface for tending long-term tasks
CHI '09 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Temporal patterns of communication: media combos
Proceedings of the ACM 2009 international conference on Supporting group work
Activity-based computing for medical work in hospitals
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Web History Tools and Revisitation Support: A Survey of Existing Approaches and Directions
Foundations and Trends in Human-Computer Interaction
INTERACT '09 Proceedings of the 12th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Part II
What Is an Activity? Appropriating an Activity-Centric System
INTERACT '09 Proceedings of the 12th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Part II
Real-time detection of task switches of desktop users
IJCAI'07 Proceedings of the 20th international joint conference on Artifical intelligence
"on my way": deceptive texting and interpersonal awareness narratives
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
WildThumb: a web browser supporting efficient task management on wide displays
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
From documents to tasks: deriving user tasks from document usage patterns
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
PERSONAF: framework for personalised ontological reasoning in pervasive computing
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Requirements for the design of a personal document-management system
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Multitasking and monotasking: the effects of mental workload on deferred task interruptions
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Multitasking bar: prototype and evaluation of introducing the task concept into a browser
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The life and times of files and information: a study of desktop provenance
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Fitting an activity-centric system into an ecology of workplace tools
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Gazemarks: gaze-based visual placeholders to ease attention switching
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Deliberate interactions: characterizing technology use in Nairobi, Kenya
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Comparing awareness and distraction between desktop and peripheral-vision displays
CHI '10 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A task-focused approach to support sharing and interruption recovery in web browsers
CHI '10 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A fundamental study for participating in multiple teleconferences
INTERACT'07 Proceedings of the 11th IFIP TC 13 international conference on Human-computer interaction - Volume Part II
Lightweight collaborative activity patterns in project management
EPCE'07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Engineering psychology and cognitive ergonomics
Relating interactions to artifacts through content Analysis: a practical investigation
CRIWG'07 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Groupware: design implementation, and use
Activity-aware computing in mobile collaborative working environments
CRIWG'07 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Groupware: design implementation, and use
Assisting engineers in switching artifacts by using task semantic and interaction history
Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Recommendation Systems for Software Engineering
Preserving interaction threads through the use of smartphones in hospitals
CRIWG'09 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Groupware: design, implementation, and use
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2010
The effect of cognitive style and curiosity on information task multitasking
Proceedings of the third symposium on Information interaction in context
Designing a cross-channel information management tool for workers in enterprise task forces
Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
The japanese garden: task awareness for collaborative multitasking
Proceedings of the 16th ACM international conference on Supporting group work
Proceedings of the 16th ACM international conference on Supporting group work
Measuring multitasking behavior with activity-based metrics
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Ease of juggling: studying the effects of manual multitasking
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The effects of time constraints on user behavior for deferrable interruptions
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Why do i keep interrupting myself?: environment, habit and self-interruption
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Methodological reflections on a field study of a globally distributed software project
Information and Software Technology
E-mail as a Source and Symbol of Stress
Organization Science
From personal to collaborative information management: a design science's approach
HCII'11 Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Human interface and the management of information: interacting with information - Volume Part II
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services
Juggling on a high wire: Multitasking effects on performance
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Loosely formed patient care teams: communication challenges and technology design
Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Fragmentation and choreography: caring for a patient and a chart during childbirth
Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Computers in Human Behavior
Twitter, sensors and UI: robust context modeling for interruption management
UMAP'10 Proceedings of the 18th international conference on User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization
Keeping Found Things Found: The Study and Practice of Personal Information Management: The Study and Practice of Personal Information Management
Supporting the management of multiple activities in mobile collaborative working environments
CRIWG'06 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Groupware: design, implementation, and use
Social intelligence design for knowledge circulation
DNIS'10 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Databases in Networked Information Systems
"A pace not dictated by electrons": an empirical study of work without email
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
"I'd never get out of this !?$%# office": redesigning time management for the enterprise
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
CHI '12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The effects of positive and negative self-interruptions in discretionary multitasking
CHI '12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
SpeechToast: augmenting notifications with speech input focus
Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces
PresenceScape: Virtual World Mediated Rich Communication
Bell Labs Technical Journal
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2012
Interactive Self-Organizing Windows
Computer Graphics Forum
Explicating multitasking with computers: Gratifications and situations
Computers in Human Behavior
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Docking window framework: supporting multitasking by docking windows
Proceedings of the 10th asia pacific conference on Computer human interaction
Activity streams: building context to coordinate writing activity in collaborative teams
Proceedings of the 30th ACM international conference on Design of communication
Leyline: provenance-based search using a graphical sketchpad
Proceedings of the Symposium on Human-Computer Interaction and Information Retrieval
Visualising the fragmentation of knowledge work
Proceedings of the 7th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Making Sense Through Design
Self-Regulation in Instant Messaging IM: Failures, Strategies, and Negative Consequences
International Journal of e-Collaboration
Facebook and texting made me do it: Media-induced task-switching while studying
Computers in Human Behavior
Automatic and continuous user task analysis via eye activity
Proceedings of the 2013 international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Interleaving tasks to improve performance: Users maximise the marginal rate of return
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Self-interruptions in discretionary multitasking
Computers in Human Behavior
Surprise, surprise: activity log based time analytics for time management
CHI '13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Activity fragmentation in the web: empowering users to support their own webflows
Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media
Which work-item updates need your response?
Proceedings of the 10th Working Conference on Mining Software Repositories
The Media and Technology Usage and Attitudes Scale: An empirical investigation
Computers in Human Behavior
Capturing the mood: facebook and face-to-face encounters in the workplace
Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work & social computing
How to manage your inbox: is a once a day strategy best?
BCS-HCI '13 Proceedings of the 27th International BCS Human Computer Interaction Conference
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Most current designs of information technology are based on the notion of supporting distinct tasks such as document production, email usage, and voice communication. In this paper we present empirical results that suggest that people organize their work in terms of much larger and thematically connected units of work. We present results of fieldwork observation of information workers in three different roles: analysts, software developers, and managers. We discovered that all of these types of workers experience a high level of discontinuity in the execution of their activities. People average about three minutes on a task and somewhat more than two minutes using any electronic tool or paper document before switching tasks. We introduce the concept of working spheres to explain the inherent way in which individuals conceptualize and organize their basic units of work. People worked in an average of ten different working spheres. Working spheres are also fragmented; people spend about 12 minutes in a working sphere before they switch to another. We argue that design of information technology needs to support people's continual switching between working spheres.