Working with “constant interruption”: CSCW and the small office
CSCW '94 Proceedings of the 1994 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Timespace in the workplace: dealing with interruptions
CHI '95 Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
TeamRooms: network places for collaboration
CSCW '96 Proceedings of the 1996 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Evolving Orbit: a process report on building locales
GROUP '97 Proceedings of the international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work: the integration challenge
The Task Gallery: a 3D window manager
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Support for multitasking and background awareness using interactive peripheral displays
Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Taking email to task: the design and evaluation of a task management centered email tool
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
UMEA: translating interaction histories into project contexts
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Evaluation and analysis of users' activity organization
CHI '83 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
"Constant, constant, multi-tasking craziness": managing multiple working spheres
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A diary study of task switching and interruptions
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Sphere Juggler: Fast Context Retrieval in Support of Working Spheres
ENC '04 Proceedings of the Fifth Mexican International Conference in Computer Science
Human-Computer Interaction
Support for activity-based computing in a personal computing operating system
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Surviving task interruptions: Investigating the implications of long-term working memory theory
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
CVS integration with notification and chat: lightweight software team collaboration
CSCW '06 Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on Computer supported cooperative work
FeedMe: a collaborative alert filtering system
CSCW '06 Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Information overload: why some people seem to suffer more than others
Proceedings of the 4th Nordic conference on Human-computer interaction: changing roles
Disruption and recovery of computing tasks: field study, analysis, and directions
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Malibu personal productivity assistant
CHI '07 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Managing currents of work: multi-tasking among multiple collaborations
ECSCW'05 Proceedings of the ninth conference on European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Information Needs in Collocated Software Development Teams
ICSE '07 Proceedings of the 29th international conference on Software Engineering
Gui --- phooey!: the case for text input
Proceedings of the 20th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Discussion: West meets East: Adapting Activity Theory for HCI & CSCW applications?
Interacting with Computers
Communication chains and multitasking
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The cost of interrupted work: more speed and stress
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The personal project planner: planning to organize personal information
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Automatically finding and recommending resources to support knowledge workers' activities
Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Pattern languages of programs
"Are you watching this film or what?": interruption and the juggling of cohorts
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
IM waiting: timing and responsiveness in semi-synchronous communication
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Discovering frequent work procedures from resource connections
Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
It feels better than filing: everyday work experiences in an activity-based computing system
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Self-interruption on the computer: a typology of discretionary task interleaving
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Activity-based computing for medical work in hospitals
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
"You've Got IMs!" How People Manage Concurrent Instant Messages
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Part I: New Trends
Capturing and Restoring the Context of Everyday Work: A Case Study at a Law Office
HCD 09 Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Human Centered Design: Held as Part of HCI International 2009
Notifications and awareness: a field study of alert usage and preferences
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Temporal task footprinting: identifying routine tasks by their temporal patterns
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
From documents to tasks: deriving user tasks from document usage patterns
Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Exploring new window manipulation techniques
OZCHI '09 Proceedings of the 21st Annual Conference of the Australian Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group: Design: Open 24/7
Requirements for the design of a personal document-management system
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
Multitasking and monotasking: the effects of mental workload on deferred task interruptions
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
On reconstruction of task context after interruption
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Evaluating cues for resuming interrupted programming tasks
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Mobile taskflow in context: a screenshot study of smartphone usage
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Gazemarks: gaze-based visual placeholders to ease attention switching
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Lightweight collaborative activity patterns in project management
EPCE'07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Engineering psychology and cognitive ergonomics
Assisting engineers in switching artifacts by using task semantic and interaction history
Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Recommendation Systems for Software Engineering
Towards integrating e-mail communication in the IDE
Proceedings of 2010 ICSE Workshop on Search-driven Development: Users, Infrastructure, Tools and Evaluation
The japanese garden: task awareness for collaborative multitasking
Proceedings of the 16th ACM international conference on Supporting group work
Proceedings of the 16th ACM international conference on Supporting group work
Resumption strategies for interrupted programming tasks
Software Quality Control
Measuring multitasking behavior with activity-based metrics
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Prototyping dynamics: sharing multiple designs improves exploration, group rapport, and results
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
What's in a move?: normal disruption and a design challenge
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Why do i keep interrupting myself?: environment, habit and self-interruption
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Initial results from a study of the effects of meditation on multitasking performance
CHI '11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
E-mail as a Source and Symbol of Stress
Organization Science
From personal to collaborative information management: a design science's approach
HCII'11 Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Human interface and the management of information: interacting with information - Volume Part II
A design space analysis of availability-sharing systems
Proceedings of the 24th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Interactive or interruptive? Instant messaging at work
Decision Support Systems
Juggling on a high wire: Multitasking effects on performance
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Fragmentation and choreography: caring for a patient and a chart during childbirth
Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Remote and alone: coping with being the remote member on the team
Proceedings of the ACM 2012 conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work
WindowScape: Lessons learned from a task-centric window manager
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Keeping Found Things Found: The Study and Practice of Personal Information Management: The Study and Practice of Personal Information Management
"A pace not dictated by electrons": an empirical study of work without email
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The effects of positive and negative self-interruptions in discretionary multitasking
CHI '12 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
PresenceScape: Virtual World Mediated Rich Communication
Bell Labs Technical Journal
Digital Christmas: an exploration of festive technology
Proceedings of the Designing Interactive Systems Conference
Docking window framework: supporting multitasking by docking windows
Proceedings of the 10th asia pacific conference on Computer human interaction
Scheduling with preemption for incident management: when interrupting tasks is not such a bad idea
Proceedings of the Winter Simulation Conference
Efficiently Scaling up Crowdsourced Video Annotation
International Journal of Computer Vision
Managing mobile multitasking: the culture of iPhones on stanford campus
Proceedings of the 2013 conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Interleaving tasks to improve performance: Users maximise the marginal rate of return
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Self-interruptions in discretionary multitasking
Computers in Human Behavior
Surprise, surprise: activity log based time analytics for time management
CHI '13 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Start time and duration distribution estimation in semi-structured processes
Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing
Activity-centric support for ad hoc knowledge work: a case study of co-activity manager
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Activity fragmentation in the web: empowering users to support their own webflows
Proceedings of the 24th ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media
Clustering navigation sequences to create contexts for guiding code navigation
Journal of Systems and Software
Estimation of interruptibility during office work based on PC activity and conversation
HCI'13 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Human Interface and the Management of Information: information and interaction for learning, culture, collaboration and business - Volume Part III
Supporting task resumption using visual feedback
Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work & social computing
How to manage your inbox: is a once a day strategy best?
BCS-HCI '13 Proceedings of the 27th International BCS Human Computer Interaction Conference
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We present data from detailed observation of 24 information workers that shows that they experience work fragmentation as common practice. We consider that work fragmentation has two components: length of time spent in an activity, and frequency of interruptions. We examined work fragmentation along three dimensions: effect of collocation, type of interruption, and resumption of work. We found work to be highly fragmented: people average little time in working spheres before switching and 57% of their working spheres are interrupted. Collocated people work longer before switching but have more interruptions. Most internal interruptions are due to personal work whereas most external interruptions are due to central work. Though most interrupted work is resumed on the same day, more than two intervening activities occur before it is. We discuss implications for technology design: how our results can be used to support people to maintain continuity within a larger framework of their working spheres.