Normalized Cuts and Image Segmentation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
"Constant, constant, multi-tasking craziness": managing multiple working spheres
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
TaskTracer: a desktop environment to support multi-tasking knowledge workers
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
No task left behind?: examining the nature of fragmented work
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Connections: using context to enhance file search
Proceedings of the twentieth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
A hybrid learning system for recognizing user tasks from desktop activities and email messages
Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
SWISH: semantic analysis of window titles and switching history
Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques, Second Edition (Morgan Kaufmann Series in Data Management Systems)
CAAD: an automatic task support system
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The cost of interrupted work: more speed and stress
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Activity put in context: identifying implicit task context within the user's document interaction
Proceedings of the second international symposium on Information interaction in context
Detecting and correcting user activity switches: algorithms and interfaces
Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Real-time detection of task switches of desktop users
IJCAI'07 Proceedings of the 20th international joint conference on Artifical intelligence
SlideDeckFinder: identifying related slide decks based on visual appearance and composition patterns
Proceedings of the 4th Information Interaction in Context Symposium
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A typical knowledge worker is involved in multiple tasks and switches frequently between them every work day. These frequent switches become expensive because each task switch requires some recovery time as well as the reconstitution of task context. First task management support systems have been proposed in recent years in order to assist the user during these switches. However, these systems still need a fairly big amount of investment from the user side in order to either learn to use or train such a system. In order to reduce the necessary amount of training, this paper proposes a new approach for automatically estimating a user's tasks from document interactions in an unsupervised manner. While most previous approaches to task detection look at the content of documents or window titles, which might raise confidentiality and privacy issues, our approach only requires document identifiers and the temporal switch history between them as input. Our prototype system monitors a user's desktop activities and logs documents that have focus on the user's desktop by attributing a unique identifier to each of these documents. Retrieved documents are filtered by their dwell times and a document similarity matrix is estimated based on document frequencies and switches. A spectral clustering algorithm then groups documents into tasks using the derived similarity matrix. The described prototype system has been evaluated on user data of 29 days from 10 different subjects in a corporation. Obtained results indicate that the approach is better than previous approaches that use content.