Validation of a keystroke-level model for a text entry system used by people with disabilities
Assets '94 Proceedings of the first annual ACM conference on Assistive technologies
A keystroke level analysis of a graphics application: manual map digitizing
CHI '94 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Keystroke level analysis of email message organization
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The keystroke-level model for user performance time with interactive systems
Communications of the ACM
The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction
The GOMS Family of Analysis Techniques: Tools for Design and Evaluation
The GOMS Family of Analysis Techniques: Tools for Design and Evaluation
Just point and click?: using handhelds to interact with paper maps
Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices & services
An Introduction to RFID Technology
IEEE Pervasive Computing
Requesting Pervasive Services by Touching RFID Tags
IEEE Pervasive Computing
Keystroke-level model for advanced mobile phone interaction
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Supporting Mobile Service Usage through Physical Mobile Interaction
PERCOM '07 Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications
Physical mobile interaction with dynamic physical object
Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices and services
Touch & interact: touch-based interaction of mobile phones with displays
Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices and services
ISWC '07 Proceedings of the 2007 11th IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers
Exploring NFC interactive panel
Proceedings of the 5th Annual International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Computing, Networking, and Services
Touch & connect and touch & select: interacting with a computer by touching it with a mobile phone
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction with Mobile Devices and Services
Mobile and physical user interfaces for NFC-based mobile interaction with multiple tags
Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices and services
Touch to play: mobile gaming with dynamic, NFC-based physical user interfaces
Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices and services
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The Keystroke-Level Model (KLM) is a model for predicting the execution time of routine tasks. Initially, it had been devised for standard keyboard-desktop settings but an extension of this model for interactions with mobile phones has been described by Holleis et al. [10]. We propose a considerable update of this KLM focusing on NFC-based applications and interactions which are continuously gaining interest. Insufficiencies within the previous model regarding operators for Pointing, Mental Acts, and System Response Time are treated. We present the results of several studies conducted in order to update the values of these operators. A specific focus is put on the differences between static (NFC tags behind a printed poster or object) and dynamic interfaces (tagged displays or projections). Finally, we validate our results by modeling two applications with the former and the proposed model. The latter performed consistently better when compared with measurements from real user interaction data.