High performance TCP in ANSNET
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
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Provisioning on-line games: a traffic analysis of a busy counter-strike server
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Part I: buffer sizes for core routers
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Part II: control theory for buffer sizing
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Part III: routers with very small buffers
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
A traffic characterization of popular on-line games
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Sizing router buffers
Open issues in router buffer sizing
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Update on buffer sizing in internet routers
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
A critique of recently proposed buffer-sizing strategies
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Open versus closed: a cautionary tale
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Router buffer sizing revisited: the role of the output/input capacity ratio
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Experimental study of router buffer sizing
Proceedings of the 8th ACM SIGCOMM conference on Internet measurement
Perspectives on router buffer sizing: recent results and open problems
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Packet pacing in small buffer optical packet switched networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
The effects of fairness in buffer sizing
NETWORKING'07 Proceedings of the 6th international IFIP-TC6 conference on Ad Hoc and sensor networks, wireless networks, next generation internet
Synthesis of accurate fractional Gaussian noise by filtering
IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Advances in photonic packet switching: an overview
IEEE Communications Magazine
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In the past few years there has been vigorous debate regarding the size of buffers required at core Internet routers. Recent arguments supported by theory and experimentation show that under certain conditions, core router buffer sizes of a few tens of packets suffice for realizing acceptable end-to-end TCP throughputs. This is a significant step toward the realization of optical packet switched (OPS) networks, which are inherently limited in their ability to buffer optical signals. However, prior studies have largely ignored the presence of real-time traffic, which is increasing in importance as a source of revenue for Internet service providers. In this paper, we study the interaction that happens between real-time (open-loop) and TCP (closed-loop) traffic when they multiplex at buffers of very small size (few tens of packets) and make a significant discovery--namely that in a specific range of buffer size, real-time traffic losses increase as buffer size becomes larger. Our contributions pertaining to this anomalous behavior are threefold. First, we exhibit this anomalous loss performance for real-time traffic via extensive simulations using synthetic traffic and real video traces. Second, we develop quantitative models that reveal the dynamics of buffer sharing between real-time and TCP traffic that lead to this behavior. Third, we show how various factors such as the nature of real-time traffic, mixture of long-lived and short-lived TCP flows, and packet sizes impact the severity of the anomaly. Our study is the first to consider interactions between real-time and TCP traffic in very small (potentially all-optical) buffers and informs router manufacturers and network operators of the factors to consider when dimensioning such small buffer sizes for desired performance balance between real-time and TCP traffic.