The British Nationality Act as a logic program
Communications of the ACM
Attributive concept descriptions with complements
Artificial Intelligence
The well-founded semantics for general logic programs
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
On social laws for artificial agent societies: off-line design
Artificial Intelligence - Special volume on computational research on interaction and agency, part 2
Tabled evaluation with delaying for general logic programs
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
The Role of Logic in Computational Models of Legal Argument: A Critical Survey
Computational Logic: Logic Programming and Beyond, Essays in Honour of Robert A. Kowalski, Part II
The description logic handbook: theory, implementation, and applications
The description logic handbook: theory, implementation, and applications
Introduction to normative multiagent systems
Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory
BIO logical agents: Norms, beliefs, intentions in defeasible logic
Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems
Normative framework for normative system change
Proceedings of The 8th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 1
A Coherent Well-founded Model for Hybrid MKNF Knowledge Bases
Proceedings of the 2008 conference on ECAI 2008: 18th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence
Nonmonotonic databases and epistemic queries
IJCAI'91 Proceedings of the 12th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
Queries to Hybrid MKNF Knowledge Bases through Oracular Tabling
ISWC '09 Proceedings of the 8th International Semantic Web Conference
Query Answering for OWL-DL with rules
Web Semantics: Science, Services and Agents on the World Wide Web
Reconciling description logics and rules
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Towards closed world reasoning in dynamic open worlds
Theory and Practice of Logic Programming
Experiences in the logical specification of the HIPAA and GLBA privacy laws
Proceedings of the 9th annual ACM workshop on Privacy in the electronic society
AICOL-I/IVR-XXIV'09 Proceedings of the 2009 international conference on AI approaches to the complexity of legal systems: complex systems, the semantic web, ontologies, argumentation, and dialogue
Norm compliance in business process modeling
RuleML'10 Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on Semantic web rules
Local closed world reasoning with description logics under the well-founded semantics
Artificial Intelligence
Implementing query answering for hybrid MKNF knowledge bases
PADL'10 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Practical Aspects of Declarative Languages
Deon+: abduction and constraints for normative reasoning
Logic Programs, Norms and Action
Building Norms-Adaptable Agents from Potential Norms Detection Technique PNDT
International Journal of Intelligent Information Technologies
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Normative systems have been advocated as an effective tool to regulate interaction in multi-agent systems. Logic programming rules intuitively correspond to conditional norms, and their semantics is based on the closed world assumption, which allows default negation, often used in norms. However, there are cases where the closed world assumption is clearly not adequate, and others that require reasoning about unknown individuals, which is not possible in logic programming. On the other hand, description logics are based on the open world assumption and support reasoning about unknown individuals, but do not support default negation. In this paper, we demonstrate the need for the aforementioned features (closed and open world assumptions, and reasoning about unknown individuals) in order to model human laws, with examples from the Portuguese Penal Code. We advocate the use of hybrid knowledge bases combining rules and ontologies, which provide the joint expressivity of logic programming and description logics. We define a normative scenario as the pair of a set of facts and a set of norms, and give it a formal semantics by translation into an MKNF knowledge base. We describe the implementation of the language, which computes the relevant consequences of given facts and norms, and use it to establish the resulting sentence in a penal scenario.