The knowledge complexity of interactive proof-systems
STOC '85 Proceedings of the seventeenth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
How to prove yourself: practical solutions to identification and signature problems
Proceedings on Advances in cryptology---CRYPTO '86
STOC '97 Proceedings of the twenty-ninth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Efficient Identification and Signatures for Smart Cards
CRYPTO '89 Proceedings of the 9th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Non-Interactive and Information-Theoretic Secure Verifiable Secret Sharing
CRYPTO '91 Proceedings of the 11th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
On Defining Proofs of Knowledge
CRYPTO '92 Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Cryptology Conference on Advances in Cryptology
Location Privacy in Mobile Systems: A Personalized Anonymization Model
ICDCS '05 Proceedings of the 25th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems
Enhancing Security and Privacy in Traffic-Monitoring Systems
IEEE Pervasive Computing
How to win the clonewars: efficient periodic n-times anonymous authentication
Proceedings of the 13th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
CarTel: a distributed mobile sensor computing system
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems
Anonymous Usage of Location-Based Services Through Spatial and Temporal Cloaking
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Mobile systems, applications and services
Distributed quota enforcement for spam control
NSDI'06 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Networked Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 3
Preserving privacy in gps traces via uncertainty-aware path cloaking
Proceedings of the 14th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
Virtual trip lines for distributed privacy-preserving traffic monitoring
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
Order-Preserving Symmetric Encryption
EUROCRYPT '09 Proceedings of the 28th Annual International Conference on Advances in Cryptology: the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques
Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services
Preserving privacy in location-based mobile social applications
Proceedings of the Eleventh Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems & Applications
Public-key cryptosystems based on composite degree residuosity classes
EUROCRYPT'99 Proceedings of the 17th international conference on Theory and application of cryptographic techniques
Efficient proofs that a committed number lies in an interval
EUROCRYPT'00 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Theory and application of cryptographic techniques
Inference attacks on location tracks
PERVASIVE'07 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Pervasive computing
Louis, Lester and Pierre: three protocols for location privacy
PET'07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Privacy enhancing technologies
Differential privacy: a survey of results
TAMC'08 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Theory and applications of models of computation
VPriv: protecting privacy in location-based vehicular services
SSYM'09 Proceedings of the 18th conference on USENIX security symposium
Mobile location tracking in metro areas: malnets and others
Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer and communications security
PrETP: privacy-preserving electronic toll pricing
USENIX Security'10 Proceedings of the 19th USENIX conference on Security
SEPIA: privacy-preserving aggregation of multi-domain network events and statistics
USENIX Security'10 Proceedings of the 19th USENIX conference on Security
SP '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
On the anonymity of periodic location samples
SPC'05 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Security in Pervasive Computing
Balancing accountability and privacy using e-cash (extended abstract)
SCN'06 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Security and Cryptography for Networks
Unsafe exposure analysis of mobile in-app advertisements
Proceedings of the fifth ACM conference on Security and Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks
Haze: privacy-preserving real-time traffic statistics
Proceedings of the 21st ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems
PPREM: Privacy Preserving REvocation Mechanism for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
Computer Standards & Interfaces
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A significant and growing class of location-based mobile applications aggregate position data from individual devices at a server and compute aggregate statistics over these position streams. Because these devices can be linked to the movement of individuals, there is significant danger that the aggregate computation will violate the location privacy of individuals. This paper develops and evaluates PrivStats, a system for computing aggregate statistics over location data that simultaneously achieves two properties: first, provable guarantees on location privacy even in the face of any side information about users known to the server, and second, privacy-preserving accountability (i.e., protection against abusive clients uploading large amounts of spurious data). PrivStats achieves these properties using a new protocol for uploading and aggregating data anonymously as well as an efficient zero-knowledge proof of knowledge protocol we developed from scratch for accountability. We implemented our system on Nexus One smartphones and commodity servers. Our experimental results demonstrate that PrivStats is a practical system: computing a common aggregate (e.g., count) over the data of 10,000 clients takes less than 0.46 s at the server and the protocol has modest latency (0.6 s) to upload data from a Nexus phone. We also validated our protocols on real driver traces from the CarTel project.