An introduction to spatial database systems
The VLDB Journal — The International Journal on Very Large Data Bases - Spatial Database Systems
Geo-tagging for imprecise regions of different sizes
Proceedings of the 4th ACM workshop on Geographical information retrieval
GeoCLEF 2007: The CLEF 2007 Cross-Language Geographic Information Retrieval Track Overview
Advances in Multilingual and Multimodal Information Retrieval
Inferring Location Names for Geographic Information Retrieval
Advances in Multilingual and Multimodal Information Retrieval
Handling implicit geographic evidence for geographic ir
Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Information and knowledge management
How geographic was GikiCLEF?: a GIR-critical review
Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Geographic Information Retrieval
GeoCLEF 2008: the CLEF 2008 cross-language geographic information retrieval track overview
CLEF'08 Proceedings of the 9th Cross-language evaluation forum conference on Evaluating systems for multilingual and multimodal information access
GikiP at GeoCLEF 2008: joining GIR and QA forces for querying Wikipedia
CLEF'08 Proceedings of the 9th Cross-language evaluation forum conference on Evaluating systems for multilingual and multimodal information access
Experiments with geo-filtering predicates for IR
CLEF'05 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Cross-Language Evalution Forum: accessing Multilingual Information Repositories
Experiments on the exclusion of metonymic location names from GIR
CLEF'06 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Cross-Language Evaluation Forum: evaluation of multilingual and multi-modal information retrieval
A holistic semantic similarity measure for viewports in interactive maps
W2GIS'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems
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Geographic information retrieval (GIR) has been evaluated in campaigns such as GeoCLEF, GikiP, and GikiCLEF [8, 12, 11]. Surprisingly, most results from these evaluations showed that adding more geographic knowledge typically had little or no effect on performance of GIR systems or that it even decreases performance compared to traditional (textual) information retrieval baselines (see e.g. [4]). In this position paper, current challenges of how to further improve the creation, structure and access to geographic resources (for simplicity, called the geographic index in the rest of this note) are discussed. The major challenges for indexing in GIR discussed in this note are applying methods beyond named entity recognition to identify geographic references, integrating additional, proven methods from related research areas such as question answering for semantic indexing, and aiming for better index support to interpret geographic relations. After summarizing the state of the art in indexing for GIR as it has evolved from GIR evaluation campaigns, research challenges and directions for future research are presented.