Synthesizing multimodal utterances for conversational agents: Research Articles
Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds
Timing and entrainment of multimodal backchanneling behavior for an embodied conversational agent
Proceedings of the 15th ACM on International conference on multimodal interaction
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The goal of the present article is to introduce a new concept of a perception-production timing model in human-machine communication. The model implements a low-level cognitive timing and coordination mechanism. The basic element of the model is a dynamic oscillator capable of tracking reoccurring events in time. The organization of the oscillators in a network is being referred to as the Dynamic Perception-Production Oscillation Model (DPPOM). The DPPOM is largely based on findings in psychological and phonetic experiments on timing in speech perception and production. It consists of two sub-systems, a perception sub-system and a production sub-system. The perception sub-system accounts for information clustering in an input sequence of events. The production sub-system accounts for speech production rhythmically entrained to the input sequence. We propose a system architecture integrating both sub-systems, providing a flexible mechanism for perception-production timing in dialogues. The model's functionality was evaluated in two experiments.