Solving crossword puzzles as probabilistic constraint satisfaction
AAAI '99/IAAI '99 Proceedings of the sixteenth national conference on Artificial intelligence and the eleventh Innovative applications of artificial intelligence conference innovative applications of artificial intelligence
Proverb: the probabilistic cruciverbalist
AAAI '99/IAAI '99 Proceedings of the sixteenth national conference on Artificial intelligence and the eleventh Innovative applications of artificial intelligence conference innovative applications of artificial intelligence
Scaling question answering to the web
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
A probabilistic approach to solving crossword puzzles
Artificial Intelligence - Chips challenging champions: games, computers and Artificial Intelligence
Review: Computer Language Games
CG '00 Revised Papers from the Second International Conference on Computers and Games
On the algorithmic implementation of multiclass kernel-based vector machines
The Journal of Machine Learning Research
Support vector machine learning for interdependent and structured output spaces
ICML '04 Proceedings of the twenty-first international conference on Machine learning
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
Search lessons learned from crossword puzzles
AAAI'90 Proceedings of the eighth National conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
"Language Is the Skin of My Thought": Integrating Wikipedia and AI to Support a Guillotine Player
AI*IA '09: Proceedings of the XIth International Conference of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence Reggio Emilia on Emergent Perspectives in Artificial Intelligence
Webcrow: a web-based crosswords solver
INTETAIN'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Intelligent Technologies for Interactive Entertainment
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We designed and implemented a software system, called WebCrow, that represents the first solver for Italian crosswords and the first system that tackles a language game using the Web as knowledge base. Its core feature is the Web Search Module that produces a special form of web-based question answering that we call clue-answering. This paper will focus its attention on this task. The web-search approach has proved itself to be very consistent: using a limited set of documents the clue-answering process is able to retrieve over two thirds of the correct answers. In many cases the targeted word is given in output among the very first most probable candidates (15% of correct answers in first position). To complete the crosswords solving problem the system has to fill the grid with the best set of word answers. Currently, WebCrow's performances are interesting: crosswords that are “easy” for expert humans (i.e. crosswords from the cover pages of La Settimana EnigmisticaTM) are solved, in a 15 minutes time limit, with 80% of correct words and over 90% of correct letters. With crosswords that are designed for experts, WebCrow places correctly two thirds of the words and around 80% of the letters.