Semantic database modeling: survey, applications, and research issues
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Semantics of programming languages: structures and techniques
Semantics of programming languages: structures and techniques
Visualization vs. Specification in Diagrammatic Notations: A Case Study with the UML
DIAGRAMS '02 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Diagrammatic Representation and Inference
Semantics of the Minimum Multiplicity in Ternary Associations in UML
«UML» '01 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on The Unified Modeling Language, Modeling Languages, Concepts, and Tools
Unified Modeling Language Reference Manual, The (2nd Edition)
Unified Modeling Language Reference Manual, The (2nd Edition)
Mapping the UML2 Semantics of Associations to a Java Code Generation Model
MoDELS '08 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems
Implementing UML associations in Java: a slim code pattern for a complex modeling concept
Proceedings of the Workshop on Relationships and Associations in Object-Oriented Languages
2nd UML 2 semantics symposium: formal semantics for UML
MoDELS'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Models in software engineering
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In fact, UML2 offers two related yet different definitions of associations. One is implicit in several Description and Semantics sections of the specification and belongs to the UML folklore. It simply says that an association is a set of links. The other – official and formal – definition is explicitly fixed by the UML metamodel and shows that there is much more to associations than just being sets of links. Particularly, association ends can be owned by either participating classes or by the very association (with a striking difference between binary and multiary associations), be navigable or not, and have some constraints on combining ownership and navigability. The paper presents a formal framework, based on sets and mappings, where all notions involved in the both definitions can be accurately explained and formally explicated. Our formal definitions allow us to reconcile the two views of associations, unify ownership for binary and multiary associations and, finally, detect a few flaws in the association part of the UML2 metamodel.