International Journal of Computer Vision
The Earth Mover's Distance as a Metric for Image Retrieval
International Journal of Computer Vision
Representing and Recognizing the Visual Appearance of Materials using Three-dimensional Textons
International Journal of Computer Vision
An Affine Invariant Interest Point Detector
ECCV '02 Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Computer Vision-Part I
Unsupervised Learning of Models for Recognition
ECCV '00 Proceedings of the 6th European Conference on Computer Vision-Part I
Text Categorization with Suport Vector Machines: Learning with Many Relevant Features
ECML '98 Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Machine Learning
Affine-Invariant Local Descriptors and Neighborhood Statistics for Texture Recognition
ICCV '03 Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Video Google: A Text Retrieval Approach to Object Matching in Videos
ICCV '03 Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Distinctive Image Features from Scale-Invariant Keypoints
International Journal of Computer Vision
Learning to Detect Objects in Images via a Sparse, Part-Based Representation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Hierarchical Part-Based Visual Object Categorization
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 1 - Volume 01
Efficient Image Matching with Distributions of Local Invariant Features
CVPR '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR'05) - Volume 2 - Volume 02
Creating Efficient Codebooks for Visual Recognition
ICCV '05 Proceedings of the Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'05) Volume 1 - Volume 01
Learning Object Categories from Google"s Image Search
ICCV '05 Proceedings of the Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Object Categorization by Learned Universal Visual Dictionary
ICCV '05 Proceedings of the Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
A Comparison of Affine Region Detectors
International Journal of Computer Vision
Hyperfeatures – multilevel local coding for visual recognition
ECCV'06 Proceedings of the 9th European conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part I
Towards optimal bag-of-features for object categorization and semantic video retrieval
Proceedings of the 6th ACM international conference on Image and video retrieval
Searching for repeated video sequences
Proceedings of the international workshop on Workshop on multimedia information retrieval
Foundations and Trends® in Computer Graphics and Vision
Context-Based Object-Class Recognition and Retrieval by Generalized Correlograms
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Object retrieval using configurations of salient regions
CIVR '08 Proceedings of the 2008 international conference on Content-based image and video retrieval
A comparison of color features for visual concept classification
CIVR '08 Proceedings of the 2008 international conference on Content-based image and video retrieval
Fast nearest neighbor retrieval for bregman divergences
Proceedings of the 25th international conference on Machine learning
Local invariant feature detectors: a survey
Foundations and Trends® in Computer Graphics and Vision
Discriminative cue integration for medical image annotation
Pattern Recognition Letters
Learning Distance Functions for Automatic Annotation of Images
Adaptive Multimedial Retrieval: Retrieval, User, and Semantics
Sliding-Windows for Rapid Object Class Localization: A Parallel Technique
Proceedings of the 30th DAGM symposium on Pattern Recognition
Spirittagger: a geo-aware tag suggestion tool mined from flickr
MIR '08 Proceedings of the 1st ACM international conference on Multimedia information retrieval
Semantic lattices for multiple annotation of images
MIR '08 Proceedings of the 1st ACM international conference on Multimedia information retrieval
Pattern Recognition Letters
Learning to Localize Objects with Structured Output Regression
ECCV '08 Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Computer Vision: Part I
Material-specific adaptation of color invariant features
Pattern Recognition Letters
Visual word proximity and linguistics for semantic video indexing and near-duplicate retrieval
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Mining the web for visual concepts
Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Multimedia Data Mining: held in conjunction with the ACM SIGKDD 2008
Object localisation using the Generative Template of Features
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Multi-class image segmentation using conditional random fields and global classification
ICML '09 Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference on Machine Learning
Drosophila gene expression pattern annotation using sparse features and term-term interactions
Proceedings of the 15th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining
Multi-Region Probabilistic Histograms for Robust and Scalable Identity Inference
ICB '09 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Advances in Biometrics
Bag-of-Features Codebook Generation by Self-Organisation
WSOM '09 Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Advances in Self-Organizing Maps
Histopathology Image Classification Using Bag of Features and Kernel Functions
AIME '09 Proceedings of the 12th Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine: Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Foreground Focus: Unsupervised Learning from Partially Matching Images
International Journal of Computer Vision
Kernel Methods in Computer Vision
Foundations and Trends® in Computer Graphics and Vision
Global annotation on georeferenced photographs
Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Image and Video Retrieval
A visual analysis of the relationship between word concepts and geographical locations
Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Image and Video Retrieval
Dense sampling low-level statistics of local features
Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Image and Video Retrieval
Semi-supervised learning of visual classifiers from web images and text
IJCAI'09 Proceedings of the 21st international jont conference on Artifical intelligence
Efficient Object Pixel-Level Categorization Using Bag of Features
ISVC '09 Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Advances in Visual Computing: Part I
Web image gathering with region-based bag-of-features and multiple instance learning
ICME'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Multimedia and Expo
ICME'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Multimedia and Expo
X-ray image categorization and retrieval using patch-based visual words representation
ISBI'09 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro
Data-driven grasping with partial sensor data
IROS'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE/RSJ international conference on Intelligent robots and systems
Interactive image segmentation using probabilistic hypergraphs
Pattern Recognition
Chest x-ray characterization: from organ identification to pathology categorization
Proceedings of the international conference on Multimedia information retrieval
Region-based automatic web image selection
Proceedings of the international conference on Multimedia information retrieval
Towards pose-invariant 2D face classification for surveillance
AMFG'07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Analysis and modeling of faces and gestures
Content-based image retrieval by indexing random subwindows with randomized trees
ACCV'07 Proceedings of the 8th Asian conference on Computer vision - Volume Part II
Web image gathering with a part-based object recognition method
MMM'08 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Advances in multimedia modeling
A tale of two object recognition methods for mobile robots
ICVS'08 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Computer vision systems
Multiple order gradient feature for macro-invertebrate identification using support vector machines
ICANNGA'09 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Adaptive and natural computing algorithms
Web-scale computer vision using MapReduce for multimedia data mining
Proceedings of the Tenth International Workshop on Multimedia Data Mining
Expanded bag of words representation for object classification
ICIP'09 Proceedings of the 16th IEEE international conference on Image processing
Color constancy using stage classification
ICIP'09 Proceedings of the 16th IEEE international conference on Image processing
Novel local features with hybrid sampling technique for image retrieval
CIKM '10 Proceedings of the 19th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management
Unsupervised object category discovery via information bottleneck method
Proceedings of the international conference on Multimedia
e-Silkroad: a sample of combining social media with cultural tourism
Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Connected multimedia
Dense simple features for fast and accurate medical X-ray annotation
CLEF'09 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Cross-language evaluation forum: multimedia experiments
Weighted symbols-based edit distance for string-structured image classification
ECML PKDD'10 Proceedings of the 2010 European conference on Machine learning and knowledge discovery in databases: Part I
Real-Time Object Segmentation Using a Bag of Features Approach
Proceedings of the 2010 conference on Artificial Intelligence Research and Development: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference of the Catalan Association for Artificial Intelligence
Randomized locality sensitive vocabularies for bag-of-features model
ECCV'10 Proceedings of the 11th European conference on computer vision conference on Computer vision: Part III
Optimal operations for visual categorization
ICIMCS '10 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Internet Multimedia Computing and Service
Event detection and recognition for semantic annotation of video
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Linear discriminant analysis for signatures
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Histopathological image classification using stain component features on a pLSA model
CIARP'10 Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican congress conference on Progress in pattern recognition, image analysis, computer vision, and applications
A system for colorectal tumor classification in magnifying endoscopic NBI images
ACCV'10 Proceedings of the 10th Asian conference on Computer vision - Volume Part II
Robust tracking based on pixel-wise spatial pyramid and biased fusion
ACCV'10 Proceedings of the 10th Asian conference on Computer vision - Volume Part IV
Region Contextual Visual Words for scene categorization
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
An efficient image classifier using discrete cosine transform
Proceedings of the International Conference & Workshop on Emerging Trends in Technology
Learning reconfigurable hashing for diverse semantics
Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval
Graph-based methods for the automatic annotation and retrieval of art prints
Proceedings of the 1st ACM International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval
Autonomous Robots
Measuring the coverage of interest point detectors
ICIAR'11 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Image analysis and recognition - Volume Part I
Visual words on baggage X-ray images
CAIP'11 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Computer analysis of images and patterns - Volume Part I
Random interest regions for object recognition based on texture descriptors and bag of features
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
An extended-HCT semantic description for visual place recognition
International Journal of Robotics Research
On the spatial extents of SIFT descriptors for visual concept detection
ICVS'11 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Computer vision systems
An evaluation of local interest regions for non-rigid object class recognition
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Recognizing clothes patterns for blind people by confidence margin based feature combination
MM '11 Proceedings of the 19th ACM international conference on Multimedia
MM '11 Proceedings of the 19th ACM international conference on Multimedia
MM '11 Proceedings of the 19th ACM international conference on Multimedia
Text and image subject classifiers: dense works better
MM '11 Proceedings of the 19th ACM international conference on Multimedia
Images as sets of locally weighted features
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
New color image histogram-based detectors
IVIC'11 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Visual informatics: sustaining research and innovations - Volume Part I
International Journal of Computer Vision
The Visual Extent of an Object
International Journal of Computer Vision
Image classification using probability higher-order local auto-correlations
ACCV'09 Proceedings of the 9th Asian conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part III
Johnny: An Autonomous Service Robot for Domestic Environments
Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems
Face recognition using the POEM descriptor
Pattern Recognition
Categorization of multiple objects in a scene without semantic segmentation
ACCV'09 Proceedings of the 9th Asian conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part I
A study on sampling strategies in space-time domain for recognition applications
MMM'10 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Advances in Multimedia Modeling
Improving tracking algorithms using saliency
CIARP'11 Proceedings of the 16th Iberoamerican Congress conference on Progress in Pattern Recognition, Image Analysis, Computer Vision, and Applications
A local spectral distribution approach to face recognition
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Modulating Shape Features by Color Attention for Object Recognition
International Journal of Computer Vision
SUPER: towards real-time event recognition in internet videos
Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval
Segmentation-based multi-class semantic object detection
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Content-based image retrieval using color difference histogram
Pattern Recognition
Multi-view action recognition using local similarity random forests and sensor fusion
Pattern Recognition Letters
Bag of spatio-visual words for context inference in scene classification
Pattern Recognition
Nested sparse quantization for efficient feature coding
ECCV'12 Proceedings of the 12th European conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part II
Scene recognition on the semantic manifold
ECCV'12 Proceedings of the 12th European conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part IV
Exploring bag of words architectures in the facial expression domain
ECCV'12 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Enhanced representation and multi-task learning for image annotation
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Heterogeneous bag-of-features for object/scene recognition
Applied Soft Computing
Action recognition using canonical correlation kernels
ACCV'12 Proceedings of the 11th Asian conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part III
Efficient development of user-defined image recognition systems
ACCV'12 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part I
Bubble space and place representation in topological maps
International Journal of Robotics Research
Automatic Annotation of Scientific Video Material based on Visual Concept Detection
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Technologies
SmartVisionApp: A framework for computer vision applications on mobile devices
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Multiple instance classification: Review, taxonomy and comparative study
Artificial Intelligence
Object class detection: A survey
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Integrating cue descriptors in bubble space for place recognition
ICVS'13 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Computer Vision Systems
Spatiotemporal bag-of-features for early wildfire smoke detection
Image and Vision Computing
Learning group-based dictionaries for discriminative image representation
Pattern Recognition
Towards robust object categorization for mobile robots with combination of classifiers
Robot Soccer World Cup XV
CM-BOF: visual similarity-based 3D shape retrieval using Clock Matching and Bag-of-Features
Machine Vision and Applications
Learning structured visual dictionary for object tracking
Image and Vision Computing
Structured representations in a content based image retrieval context
Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation
Language-motivated approaches to action recognition
The Journal of Machine Learning Research
Pattern Recognition Letters
The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics
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Bag-of-features representations have recently become popular for content based image classification owing to their simplicity and good performance. They evolved from texton methods in texture analysis. The basic idea is to treat images as loose collections of independent patches, sampling a representative set of patches from the image, evaluating a visual descriptor vector for each patch independently, and using the resulting distribution of samples in descriptor space as a characterization of the image. The four main implementation choices are thus how to sample patches, how to describe them, how to characterize the resulting distributions and how to classify images based on the result. We concentrate on the first issue, showing experimentally that for a representative selection of commonly used test databases and for moderate to large numbers of samples, random sampling gives equal or better classifiers than the sophisticated multiscale interest operators that are in common use. Although interest operators work well for small numbers of samples, the single most important factor governing performance is the number of patches sampled from the test image and ultimately interest operators can not provide enough patches to compete. We also study the influence of other factors including codebook size and creation method, histogram normalization method and minimum scale for feature extraction.