Texture Features for Browsing and Retrieval of Image Data
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Eigenfaces vs. Fisherfaces: Recognition Using Class Specific Linear Projection
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face Recognition by Elastic Bunch Graph Matching
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Finding salient regions in images: nonparametric clustering for image segmentation and grouping
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on content-based access for image and video libraries
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
The Earth Mover's Distance as a Metric for Image Retrieval
International Journal of Computer Vision
Modeling the Shape of the Scene: A Holistic Representation of the Spatial Envelope
International Journal of Computer Vision
Principal Manifolds and Probabilistic Subspaces for Visual Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A continuous probabilistic framework for image matching
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Object Recognition from Local Scale-Invariant Features
ICCV '99 Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision-Volume 2 - Volume 2
Face recognition: component-based versus global approaches
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on Face recognition
Two-Dimensional PCA: A New Approach to Appearance-Based Face Representation and Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Face recognition: A literature survey
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Gabor-Based Kernel PCA with Fractional Power Polynomial Models for Face Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Multiresolution Histograms and Their Use for Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
ICPR '04 Proceedings of the Pattern Recognition, 17th International Conference on (ICPR'04) Volume 1 - Volume 01
A Statistical Approach to Texture Classification from Single Images
International Journal of Computer Vision - Special Issue on Texture Analysis and Synthesis
Face Recognition Using Laplacianfaces
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Acquiring Linear Subspaces for Face Recognition under Variable Lighting
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A Generic Scheme for Color Image Retrieval Based on the Multivariate Wald-Wolfowitz Test
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Creating Efficient Codebooks for Visual Recognition
ICCV '05 Proceedings of the Tenth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV'05) Volume 1 - Volume 01
Beyond Bags of Features: Spatial Pyramid Matching for Recognizing Natural Scene Categories
CVPR '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition - Volume 2
Information maximization in face processing
Neurocomputing
Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
International Journal of Computer Vision
Robust Face Recognition via Sparse Representation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Learning explicit and implicit visual manifolds by information projection
Pattern Recognition Letters
Face recognition using ada-boosted gabor features
FGR' 04 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE international conference on Automatic face and gesture recognition
Sampling strategies for bag-of-features image classification
ECCV'06 Proceedings of the 9th European conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part IV
Exploring Distributional Discrepancy for Multidimensional Point Set Retrieval
IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Global semantic classification of scenes using power spectrum templates
IM'99 Proceedings of the 1999 international conference on Challenge of Image Retrieval
The CAS-PEAL Large-Scale Chinese Face Database and Baseline Evaluations
IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A: Systems and Humans
Cluster-based probability model and its application to image and texture processing
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Invariance properties of Gabor filter-based features-overview and applications
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Orthogonal Laplacianfaces for Face Recognition
IEEE Transactions on Image Processing
Face recognition by independent component analysis
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
`Neural-gas' network for vector quantization and its application to time-series prediction
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
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This work presents a novel face recognition approach that utilizes the whole manifold structure of the face's local spectral distribution. Local spectral features are extracted using Gabor wavelets, encoding at every image pixel the visual appearance of the surrounding patch by the vector of filter responses. The above representation provides a robust and discriminative statistical image description in the spatial frequency domain transform space. Parameterized by angle and scale, the manifold structure of the produced multidimensional point set contains both local and holistic information about the face image. In order to reduce redundancy and code efficiently the formed multivariate distribution, a neural vector quantizer is employed. The ensemble of the selected code vectors constitutes the spectral signature of a face image in the high-dimensional face space. The similarity between two face images is assessed by comparing the corresponding representative samples of the two distributions directly in the frequency space using the multivariate Wald-Wolfowitz test, a non-parametric statistical test dealing with the multivariate ''Two-Sample Problem''. Its operation is based on the construction of the minimal spanning tree, which is an effective tool for preserving and utilizing the manifold structure of the data set. The new representation is both holistic, considering the features' distribution as a whole, while at the same time utilizes local information extraction. Experimental results on four benchmark face databases demonstrate the favorable properties of the proposed methodology over traditional approaches particularly in the ''single image case''.