Session directories and scalable Internet multicast address allocation
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM '98 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communication
Enabling conferencing applications on the internet using an overlay muilticast architecture
Proceedings of the 2001 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
On the origin of power laws in Internet topologies
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Scalable application layer multicast
Proceedings of the 2002 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
A Host-Based Multicast (HBM) Solution for Group Communications
ICN '01 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Networking-Part 1
Scattercast: an architecture for internet broadcast distribution as an infrastructure service
Scattercast: an architecture for internet broadcast distribution as an infrastructure service
ALMI: an application level multicast infrastructure
USITS'01 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems - Volume 3
A case for end system multicast
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Deployment issues for the IP multicast service and architecture
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
A survey of proposals for an alternative group communication service
IEEE Network: The Magazine of Global Internetworking
EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking - Special issue on opportunistic and delay tolerant networks
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IP multicast is an effective technology to distribute identical data simultaneously to multiple users. However, for technical and administrative reasons, IP multicast has not been globally deployed on the Internet. Another approach to multicast is application-level multicast (ALM). In ALM, multicast related features, such as group membership management, multicast routing and packet replication, are implemented at end-hosts instead of routers. Multicast delivery tree is constructed in the application layer, so all nodes in this tree are end-hosts. Packet transmission between end-hosts uses conventional IP unicast service. Therefore, ALM is a promising alternative to IP multicast. However, application-level multicast relying on end-hosts is more fragile than IP multicast relying on routers. Especially, when a mobile host forwards packets to downstream hosts, a handover causes performance degradations on downstream hosts. In this paper, to alleviate the impact of a handover, we propose a new tree building protocol which locates mobile hosts on leaves of multicast tree. A handover of the mobile host on a leaf does not affect other end-hosts. To investigate performance of our protocol, it is compared with existing application-level multicast protocols. Our simulation results show that our protocol outperforms existing protocols from the viewpoints of loss probability, throughput and delay performance.