Agglomerative hierarchical clustering with constraints: theoretical and empirical results

  • Authors:
  • Ian Davidson;S. S. Ravi

  • Affiliations:
  • Department of Computer Science, University at Albany – State University of New York, Albany, NY;Department of Computer Science, University at Albany – State University of New York, Albany, NY

  • Venue:
  • PKDD'05 Proceedings of the 9th European conference on Principles and Practice of Knowledge Discovery in Databases
  • Year:
  • 2005

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Abstract

We explore the use of instance and cluster-level constraints with agglomerative hierarchical clustering. Though previous work has illustrated the benefits of using constraints for non-hierarchical clustering, their application to hierarchical clustering is not straight-forward for two primary reasons. First, some constraint combinations make the feasibility problem (Does there exist a single feasible solution?) NP-complete. Second, some constraint combinations when used with traditional agglomerative algorithms can cause the dendrogram to stop prematurely in a dead-end solution even though there exist other feasible solutions with a significantly smaller number of clusters. When constraints lead to efficiently solvable feasibility problems and standard agglomerative algorithms do not give rise to dead-end solutions, we empirically illustrate the benefits of using constraints to improve cluster purity and average distortion. Furthermore, we introduce the new γ constraint and use it in conjunction with the triangle inequality to considerably improve the efficiency of agglomerative clustering.