Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Robot Vision
Watermarking 3D Objects for Verification
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Geometry-Based Watermarking of 3D Models
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
The Complex EGI: A New Representation for 3-D Pose Determination
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Data hiding on 3-D triangle meshes
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Watermarking three-dimensional polygonal models through geometric and topological modifications
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
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This paper proposes a watermarking for 3D mesh using the CEGI distribution that is robust against mesh simplification, cropping, vertex randomization, and rotation. In the proposed algorithm, a 3D mesh model is divided into patches using a distance measure, then the watermark bits are embedded into the normal vector direction of the meshes that are mapped into cells with large complex weights in the patch CEGIs. The watermark can be extracted based on two watermark keys, the known center point of each patch and a rank table of the cells in each patch. Experimental results verified the robustness of the proposed algorithm based on watermark extraction after various types of attack.