Normalized Cuts and Image Segmentation
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Object Recognition as Machine Translation: Learning a Lexicon for a Fixed Image Vocabulary
ECCV '02 Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Computer Vision-Part IV
Automatic image annotation and retrieval using cross-media relevance models
Proceedings of the 26th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in informaion retrieval
Proceedings of the 26th annual international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in informaion retrieval
The Journal of Machine Learning Research
On image auto-annotation with latent space models
MULTIMEDIA '03 Proceedings of the eleventh ACM international conference on Multimedia
Effective automatic image annotation via a coherent language model and active learning
Proceedings of the 12th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
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Automatic image annotation has attracted much attention recently, due to its wide applicability (such as image retrieval by semantics). Most of the known statistical model-based annotation methods learn the joint distribution of the keywords and the image blobs decomposed by segmentation or gride approaches. The effects of these methods suffer from the sparseness of the image blobs. As a result, the estimated joint distribution is need to be “smoothed”. In this paper, we present a topic-based smoothing method to overcome the sparseness problems, and integrated with a general image annotation model. Experimental results on 5,000 images demonstrate that our method can achieves significant improvement in annotation effectiveness over an existing method.