Color-Based Probabilistic Tracking
ECCV '02 Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on Computer Vision-Part I
Self-Organized Integration of Adaptive Visual Cues for Face Tracking
FG '00 Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition 2000
Monte Carlo filtering and smoothing with application to time-varying spectral estimation
ICASSP '00 Proceedings of the Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, 2000. on IEEE International Conference - Volume 02
A tutorial on particle filters for online nonlinear/non-GaussianBayesian tracking
IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
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A generic bi-directional scheme is proposed that robustifies the estimation of the maximum-a-posteriori (MAP) sequence of states of a visual object. It enables creative, non-technical users to obtain the path of interesting objects in offline available video material, which can then be used to create interactive movies. To robustify against tracker failure the proposed scheme merges the filtering distributions of a forward tracking particle filter and a backward tracking particle filter at some timesteps, using a reliability-based voting scheme such as in democratic integration. The MAP state sequence is obtained using the Viterbi algorithm on reduced state sets per timestep derived from the merged distributions and is interpolated linearly where tracking failure is suspected. The presented scheme is generic, simple and efficient and shows good results for a color-based particle filter.