The active badge location system
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
EUROCRYPT '93 Workshop on the theory and application of cryptographic techniques on Advances in cryptology
The Cricket location-support system
MobiCom '00 Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Robotics-based location sensing using wireless ethernet
Proceedings of the 8th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
A Statistical Modeling Approach to Location Estimation
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
WLAN Location Determination via Clustering and Probability Distributions
PERCOM '03 Proceedings of the First IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications
Secure verification of location claims
WiSe '03 Proceedings of the 2nd ACM workshop on Wireless security
Distributed localization in wireless sensor networks: a quantitative comparison
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking - Special issue: Wireless sensor networks
Robust statistical methods for securing wireless localization in sensor networks
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
Attack-resistant location estimation in sensor networks
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
ROPE: robust position estimation in wireless sensor networks
IPSN '05 Proceedings of the 4th international symposium on Information processing in sensor networks
A security and robustness performance analysis of localization algorithms to signal strength attacks
ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN)
Distributed and energy-efficient target localization and tracking in wireless sensor networks
Computer Communications
Robust wireless localization to attacks on access points
SARNOFF'09 Proceedings of the 32nd international conference on Sarnoff symposium
Cramér-Rao bound analysis of localization using signal strength difference as location fingerprint
INFOCOM'10 Proceedings of the 29th conference on Information communications
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Received signal strength (RSS) based algorithms have been very attractive for localization since they allow the reuse of existing communication infrastructure and are applicable to many commodity radio technologies. Such algorithms, however, are sensitive to a set of non-cryptographic attacks, where the physical measurement process itself can be corrupted by adversaries. For example, the attacker can perform signal strength attacks by placing an absorbing or reflecting material around a wireless device to modify its RSS readings. In this work, we first formulate the all-around signal strength attacks, where similar attacks are launched towards all landmarks, and experimentally show the feasibility of launching such attacks. We then propose a general principle for designing RSS-based algorithms so that they are robust to all-around signal strength attacks. To evaluate our approach, we adapt a set of representative RSS-based localization algorithms according to our principle. We experiment with both simulated attacks and two sets of real attack scenarios. All the experiments show that our design principle can be applied to a wide spectrum of algorithms to achieve comparable performance with much better robustness.