Active shape models—their training and application
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Automatic Analysis of Facial Expressions: The State of the Art
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Robust Face Detection Using the Hausdorff Distance
AVBPA '01 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Audio- and Video-Based Biometric Person Authentication
Ranking Prior Likelihood Distributions for Bayesian Shape Localization Framework
ICCV '03 Proceedings of the Ninth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision - Volume 2
Face recognition: A literature survey
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Robust Real-Time Face Detection
International Journal of Computer Vision
Active Appearance Models Revisited
International Journal of Computer Vision
Real-time facial feature localization by combining space displacement neural networks
Pattern Recognition Letters
Image and Vision Computing
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We present here a complete system for the localization of facial features in frontal face images. In the first step, face detection is performed using Viola S Jones state of art algorithm. Then, a cascade of neural networks localizes precisely 28 facial features. The first network performs a coarse detection of three areas in the image corresponding roughly to left and right eyes and mouths. Then, three local networks localize, in these areas, 9 key points per eye and 10 key points on the mouth. Thorough experiments on 3500 images from standard databases (Feret, BioID) show the detector accuracy, its generalization ability and speed.