Multiresolution analysis of arbitrary meshes
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Watermaking three-dimensional polygonal models
MULTIMEDIA '97 Proceedings of the fifth ACM international conference on Multimedia
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Watermarking 3D Objects for Verification
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
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We describe a robust watermarking technique for proving ownership claims on 3D polygonal models. To make the proposed technique robust against a variety of attacks, a wavelet-based multiresolution analysis is used for a polygonal mesh model. First, we generate the simple mesh model and wavelet coefficient vectors by applying a multiresolution analysis to a given mesh model. Then watermark embedding is processed by perturbing the vertex of a chosen triangle mesh at a low resolution according to the order of norms of wavelet coefficient vectors using a look-up table. The watermark extraction procedure is to take the binary digits from the embedded triangle mesh using a look-up table and the similarity test between the embedded watermark and the extracted one is followed. The experimental results show that the proposed method is resistant to affine transformation such as scaling, translation and rotation of a 3D mesh model, as well as noise attacks.