Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Watermarking 3D Objects for Verification
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Geometry-Based Watermarking of 3D Models
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Watermarking 3D polygonal meshes in the mesh spectral domain
GRIN'01 No description on Graphics interface 2001
Robust Watermarking of Polygonal Meshes
GMP '00 Proceedings of the Geometric Modeling and Processing 2000
3D polygonal meshes watermarking using normal vector distributions
ICME '03 Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo - Volume 3 (ICME '03) - Volume 03
Watermarking three-dimensional polygonal models through geometric and topological modifications
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Mobile 3D Game Contents Watermarking Based on Buyer-Seller Watermarking Protocol
IEICE - Transactions on Information and Systems
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We developed the shape recognition system with 3D watermarking using normal vector distribution. The 3D shape recognition system consists of laser beam generator, linear CCD imaging system, and digital signal processing hardware and software. 3D Watermark algorithm is embedded by 3D mesh model using each patch EGI distribution. The proposed algorithm divides a 3D mesh model into 4 patches to have the robustness against the partial geometric deformation. Plus, it uses EGI distributions as the consistent factor that has the robustness against the topological deformation. To satisfy both geometric and topological deformation, the same watermark bits for each subdivided patch are embedded by changing the mesh normal vectors. Moreover, the proposed algorithm does not need the original mesh model and the resampling process to extract the watermark. Experimental results verify that the proposed algorithm is imperceptible and robust against geometrical and topological attacks.