From text to speech: the MITalk system
From text to speech: the MITalk system
Schaum's Outline of Digital Signal Processing
Schaum's Outline of Digital Signal Processing
Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing
Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing
Intelligent Processing of Stuttered Speech
Journal of Intelligent Information Systems
A speech-first model for repair detection and correction
ACL '93 Proceedings of the 31st annual meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Formant tracking linear prediction model using HMMs and Kalman filters for noisy speech processing
Computer Speech and Language
Improving the intelligibility of dysarthric speech
Speech Communication
Rhythm and Transforms
ICASSP '09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing
The TORGO database of acoustic and articulatory speech from speakers with dysarthria
Language Resources and Evaluation
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This paper describes modifications to acoustic speech signals produced by speakers with dysarthria in order to make those utterances more intelligible to typical listeners. These modifications include the correction of tempo, the adjustment of formant frequencies in sonorants, the removal of aberrant voicing, the deletion of phoneme insertion errors, and the replacement of erroneously dropped phonemes. Through simple evaluations of intelligibility with naïve listeners, we show that the correction of phoneme errors results in the greatest increase in intelligibility and is therefore a desirable mechanism for the eventual creation of augmentative application software for individuals with dysarthria.