Automatic Analysis of Facial Expressions: The State of the Art
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Multiresolution Gray-Scale and Rotation Invariant Texture Classification with Local Binary Patterns
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Feature Selection via Concave Minimization and Support Vector Machines
ICML '98 Proceedings of the Fifteenth International Conference on Machine Learning
Real time facial expression recognition in video using support vector machines
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Multimodal interfaces
Real-Time Facial Expression Recognition Based on Boosted Embedded Hidden Markov Model
ICIG '04 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Image and Graphics
Real-time emotion recognition using biologically inspired models
AVBPA'03 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Audio- and video-based biometric person authentication
Handbook of Face Recognition
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Demographic classification with local binary patterns
ICB'07 Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Advances in Biometrics
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In this paper, a fully automatic, real-time system is proposed to recognize seven basic facial expressions (angry, disgust, fear, happiness, neutral, sadness and surprise). First, faces are located and normalized based on an illumination insensitive skin model and face segmentation; then, the Local Binary Patterns (LBP) techniques, which are invariant to monotonic grey level changes, are used for facial feature extraction; finally, the Linear Programming (LP) technique is employed to classify seven facial expressions. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the proposed system performs well in some degree of illumination changes and head rotations.