Active shape models—their training and application
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
A plastic-visco-elastic model for wrinkles in facial animation and skin aging
Pacific Graphics '94 Proceedings of the second Pacific conference on Fundamentals of computer graphics
Active Contours: The Application of Techniques from Graphics,Vision,Control Theory and Statistics to Visual Tracking of Shapes in Motion
Convergence Properties of the Nelder--Mead Simplex Method in Low Dimensions
SIAM Journal on Optimization
Simulation of Static and Dynamic Wrinkles of Skin
CA '96 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
Modeling Expressive Wrinkles of Face For Animation
ICIG '07 Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Image and Graphics
A Hierarchical Compositional Model for Face Representation and Sketching
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
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This paper presents a statistical-structural constraint model to represent and generate cartoon face wrinkles A weighted constraint cost is defined to measure constraint of age, facial structure and parameter on wrinkles Then wrinkle generation model is built in the sense of minimum constraint cost Through clustering, age constraint and its parameters are learned from wrinkle samples with respect to regions and age group According to facial structure, region-center wrinkles are computed to realize structural constraint on wrinkles Having obtained the two constraints and parameters, generation model is optimized to produce wrinkles Experimental results have demonstrated validity of the model.