A novel emulator for discrete-time MIMO triply selective fading channels
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part I: Regular Papers - Special section on 2009 IEEE custom integrated circuits conference
A discrete-time model for triply selective MIMO Rayleigh fading channels
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Autoregressive modeling for fading channel simulation
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
GQR models for multipath Rayleigh fading channels
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
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A low-complexity hardware emulator is proposed for wideband, correlated, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) fading channels. The proposed emulator generates multiple discrete-time channel impulse responses (CIR) at the symbol rate and incorporates three types of correlation functions of the subchannels via Kronecker product: the spatial correlation between transmit or receive elements, temporal correlation due to Doppler shifts, and inter-tap correlation due to multipaths. The Kronecker product is implemented by a novel mixed parallel-serial (mixed P-S) matrix multiplication method to reduce memory storage and to meet the real-time requirement in high data-rate, large MIMO size, or long CIR systems. We present two practical MIMO channel examples implemented on an Altera Stratix III EP3SL150F FPGA DSP development kit: a 2-by-2 MIMO WiMAX channel with a symbol rate of 1.25 million symbols/second and a 2-by-6 MIMO underwater acoustic channel with 100-tap CIR. Both examples meet real-time requirement using only 12---14% of hardware resources of the FPGA.