Modeling time from a conceptual perspective
Proceedings of the seventh international conference on Information and knowledge management
Temporal FDs on complex objects
ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS)
Maintaining knowledge about temporal intervals
Communications of the ACM
Temporal Entity-Relationship Models-A Survey
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Coalescing in Temporal Databases
VLDB '96 Proceedings of the 22th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases
Implementing Temporal Databases in Object-Oriented Systems
Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Database Systems for Advanced Applications (DASFAA)
Temporal coalescing with now granularity, and incomplete information
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
Ontology Evolution: Not the Same as Schema Evolution
Knowledge and Information Systems
An ontology of time for the semantic web
ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing (TALIP) - Special Issue on Temporal Information Processing
IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Knowledge Engineering in a Temporal Semantic Web Context
ICWE '08 Proceedings of the 2008 Eighth International Conference on Web Engineering
On Temporal Cardinality in the Context of the TOWL Language
ER '08 Proceedings of the ER 2008 Workshops (CMLSA, ECDM, FP-UML, M2AS, RIGiM, SeCoGIS, WISM) on Advances in Conceptual Modeling: Challenges and Opportunities
A Reusable Ontology for Fluents in OWL
Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems: Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference (FOIS 2006)
Consistent evolution of OWL ontologies
ESWC'05 Proceedings of the Second European conference on The Semantic Web: research and Applications
A general framework for time-aware decision support systems
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
A modelling framework for social media monitoring
International Journal of Web Engineering and Technology
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The tOWL language is a temporal web ontology language based on OWL-DL without nominals. The language enables the representation of time and time-related aspects, such as state transitions. The design choices of the language pose new challenges from a temporal perspective. One such challenge is the representation of temporal cardinality. Another challenge consists of optimising the temporal representations in order to reduce the number of axioms. One such optimisation is temporal coalescing, which merges concepts that are associated with time intervals that either meet or share at least one instant with each other. In this paper we formally introduce these concepts into the tOWL language and illustrate how they can be applied.