Evaluation of eye gaze interaction
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Eye Tracking Methodology: Theory and Practice
Eye Tracking Methodology: Theory and Practice
Robust Real-Time Face Detection
International Journal of Computer Vision
A free-head, simple calibration, gaze tracking system that enables gaze-based interaction
Proceedings of the 2004 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
A single camera eye-gaze tracking system with free head motion
Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Eye tracking research & applications
A non-contact device for tracking gaze in a human computer interface
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on eye detection and tracking
Mobile gaze-based screen interaction in 3D environments
Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Novel Gaze-Controlled Applications
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The demand for improved human computer interaction will lead to increasing adoption of eye tracking in everyday devices. For interaction with devices such as Smart TVs, the eye tracker must operate in more challenging environments such as the home living room. In this paper we present a non-contact eye tracking system that allows for freedom of viewer motion in a living room environment. A pan and tilt mechanism is used to orient the eye tracker, guided by face tracking information from a wide-angle camera. The estimated point of gaze is corrected for viewer movement in realtime, avoiding the need for recalibration. The proposed technique achieves comparable accuracy to desktop systems near the calibration position of less than 1° of visual angle and accuracy of less than 2° of visual angle when the viewer moved a large distance, such as standing or sitting on the other side of the couch. The system performance achieved was more than sufficient to operate a novel, hands-free Smart TV interface.